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r since raise several stamp kite monster
globe anyone store cake particularly collector common extra topic
capital thousand quite certain miss
run out of 用完；用尽
by the way 顺便；附带说说
be interested in 对……感兴趣
more than 比……多
make a list of 列清单
thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事
think of / about sth. 想起某事
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1. How long have you been doing…?
2. I’ve been doing…since…
3. How long did sb. do…?
4. He / She did sth. for…
5. What do you collect?
6. When did you start?
7. How many do you have?
8. What do you like to collect in the future?
9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
Ⅲ．语法
现在完成进行时
Ⅳ.【重难点分析】
1. 现在完成进行时
构成：
肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing
否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。
(1) I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。
(2) She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。
(3) I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：
(1) Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？
(2) Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？
(3) I haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。
（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
如：
I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）
I have been reading a book about birds. （一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）
(2) 两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。
如：
She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）
2. since， from和for
(1) from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时, 如：
The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。
They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end．他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2) since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。
如：
Many things have happened since they came here．
自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。
The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester．
老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3) for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。
如：
The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。
I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。
I’ve known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。
How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?
Ⅴ.【习题检测】
一. 单项选择
1. The flight from Beijing to New York ______ at 9:45 am. on Friday.
A. gets off
B. takes off
C. puts up
D. gets up
2. — ______ have you been living here？
— For ten years.
A. How much
B. How many
C. How long
D. How soon
3. — _______ did you first skate?
— Two years ago.
A. When
B. What
C. Why
D. How
4. I have been skating _____ two hours.
A. in
B. at
C. for
D.since
5. Thanks for ____ me the book.
A. gave
B. giving
C. give
D. to give
6. We all helped him with his English so he didn’t _______ with his study.
A. fall off
B. fall down
C. fall behind
D. fall over
7. Mr Green _______ in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live
8. ＿＿＿ is the meeting going to last? About twenty minutes.
A. How far
B. How soon
C. How long
D. How often
9. What shall we do now? ＿＿＿ for a walk?
A. How’s about to go
B. What about to go
C. How’s about going
D. What about going
10. Do you have another way of ＿＿＿ the child?
A. teaching
B. to teach
C. teaches
D. teach
二. 根据所给句子的意思和首字母写单词
1. d_________say what sb./sth. is like
2. r _________bring or collect sth. together
3. c__________the person who collects thing as hobbies and so on
4. s_________ give a part of sth. to others
5. f _________the person from another country
三. 阅读理解
A
Water is the “life”of our earth. It is in every living thing. It is in the air. It runs through mountains
Nature has a great water system(系统). Rainwater finds its way to streams(溪) and rivers. Rivers lead to the ocean. At mouths of r
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