To generate ideas about natural disasters

To organize ideas for writing an article for the school newsletter

To develop an awareness of audience and register

Sandy writes an article to be published in the school newsletter about her personal experience during a snowstorm in Beijing. Students then have the opportunity to describe a natural disaster they have experienced or heard about. Encourage students to use the personal style of first person narrative to tell their stories. They can refer to Timmy’s home page on pages 90 and 91 to see the use of first person narrative to describe a natural disaster.

1.   Explain the context. Make sure that students have a full understanding of the situation and the audience. Tell them about the power of story telling. It is an engaging means of communication because listeners or readers learn about how others feel and how they see a particular experience.

2.   Divide students into groups of four and ask them to read the information in Sandy’s notes in Part A. Encourage students to discuss any words or phrases in their groups before asking you for explanation.

3.   Ask students to read Sandy’s notes focusing on the details of Sandy’ experience of the snowstorm . Point out that her story is very personal and unique although it includes some facts and is written for a newsletter. Sandy tells the reader about many things she experienced on the day of the snowstorm and the morning after from her point of view and how she felt about them.

4.   Tell students about the importance of planning a personal story. Planning is very important to create a powerful piece of writing ,which readers can understand, enjoy and follow easily. Point to the flow chart in Part B. Explain the structure of the flow chart to students . The topic is a snowstorm. The questions in the third column are guiding questions that help students organize their ideas. Students work in their groups of four and complete the flow chart with the correct letters from Part A. Remind students that they can use flow charts to organize their ideas before they start writing.

5.   Ask the questions in Sandy’s flow chart to check the correct answers with the class.

6.   Ask students to look at Sandy’s article in Part C individually . Skim the article and make sure there are no unfamiliar words.

7.   Ask students to read the article again. Tell them to choose the correct word or phrase in Part A to complete each blank in the article. Encourage them to compare their answers with a partner. Then check the correct answers with the whole class.

8.   Ask students to practise reading the article to their partners. Invite some volunteers to come forward and each read a paragraph to the class. Praise them for correct pronunciation and intonation.

9.   Ask students to choose a topic of their own. Ask students to go through Sandy’s article and identify words, phrases, sentence structures, etc. Which they could use in their own articles. Encourage students to include as much of their own information as possible. They can also use some of the expressions in Part D.

10.   Encourage students to use a variety of adjectives and nouns to avoid repetition. Remind them of the words describing ‘fear’ they have learned, e.g., ‘afraid’, ‘frightened’.

11.   Encourage students to search the Internet for more information.

12.   In pairs, ask students to brainstorm memories about the situations they have chosen to write. Encourage them to jot down any ideas. Then ask students to sort out their notes into a flow chart as in Part B. They can write their points next to/under each question in their notes with their partners. When they are completely satisfied with their flow charts, ask them to start writing.

13.   Encourage students to write a rough draft first. In pairs ,they need each other’s drafts and ask their partners questions in order to clarify any of the points presented in the articles. Go around the classroom and offer help with choice of words, spelling and sentences structures.

14.   Finally, students rewrite their articles on a display board or create a collection for publication, e.g., for the school open day, parents evening, etc. Ask students to read at least three of the articles and make comments on comments on content, clarity of information, interesting details included in the story, etc.

[教学目标]
1．激发学生阅读诗歌的兴趣，启发学生感受现代诗歌的节奏美、意境美、人情美。
2．初步培养学生解读意象和品味意境的能力。
[教学重点]
1．用喜悦、欢快的语调朗诵全诗，体会本诗明丽清新的风格。
2．理解意象，把握本诗的主题，感受作者饱含的真情。
[教学方法 ]
1．诵读感悟法。指导学生反复诵读，从语言入手，充分入境。
2．联想想像法。指导学生展开想像把握诗中的意象。
3．评析欣赏法。充分调动学生的思维积极性，发挥其主体作用，畅所欲言。
4．探究学习法。用于诗歌鉴赏方法的探究，根据学生实际酌情进行。
[教学用具]
录音机、教学带。
教学课时 1课时
[教学步骤]

一、导语设计
大家还记得唐代诗人王维的“渭城朝雨泡轻尘，客舍青青柳色新”的美妙意境吗?在中华诗歌的宝库里，还有许多灿若星河、异彩纷呈的现代诗，她们吸收了几千年诗词深邃的神韵，借鉴了外国诗艺自由的脚步，感受着新时代清新的气息，装点了中国乃至世界诗坛的盛装。今天，就让我们和着喜悦、轻快的节拍，去聆听“雨说”，去感受现代诗歌的魅力。
二、解题
郑愁予原名郑文韬，1933年出生于山东济南。童年随父辗转大江南北，1949年随家人去台湾，1951年开始发表作品，1968年赴美，在爱荷华大学国际写作班进修学习，获艺术硕士学位。此后一直保持沉默、很少发表作品。1973年左右再度出山，“宝刀未老”，勤耕不辍，代表作有《错误》《水手刀》等，大多以旅人为抒情主人公，被称为“浪子诗人”。现旅居美国，为“现代诗社”成员，任耶鲁大学东亚文学系教授。
《雨说》是他复出之后于1979年写成的，此时诗人虽身在美国，却心系祖国，以满腔的热忱关注祖国儿童的成长。诗歌以新颖而鲜活的意象，灵动而多情的语言，抒发了对儿童浓浓的关爱之情，表达了对祖国未来真诚的祝福。诗人从小在炮火中长大，他深切体味过战争的苦难和流浪的辛酸，所以他更珍视童心的天真烂漫，也更能懂得“关爱”对童年的意义。诗中“雨”成了温柔亲切的爱的使者，正寄寓了诗人真诚的希望。
三、研习课文
1．朗读课文，整体感知。
(1)指定一名学生朗读，请其他学生正音。
田圃(pǔ) 禁锢(jìngù) 留滞(zhì) 喑(yīn)哑(yǎ) 襁(qiǎng)褓(bǎo)
（2）在读准字音的基础上，再请一位学生有感情地朗读，其他学生边听边就语调、语速、语气、重音、停连等作标记，感受全诗洋溢着的音乐美。
朗读指导：
（语调：如第一节应读得急切，表达出对春雨的企盼之情；第二节应读得轻柔、温和，以示“雨”之关爱；第五节可读得欢快一些，传达喜悦之情；第八节应读出高昂之气，把全诗感情推向高潮；第九节读出欣慰之情，显示全诗的主旨。
停顿：如“等待久了的／田圃跟牧场”“当／田圃／冷冻了一冬／禁锢着种子”
重音：如“我呼唤每一个孩子的乳名又甜又准”“只要你们笑，大地的希望就有了”“要记着，你们嘴里的那份甜呀，就是我祝福的心意”加点的词要重读。）
(3)播放萨克斯乐曲《春风》，请学生伴随音乐朗读全诗，仔细体味诗中的意境。然后请学生说说诗人为我们营造了一种怎样的情调。
明确：轻快，喜悦，蓬勃向上，充满活力。
2．具体研习。
(1)播放范读录音带(并配音乐)，请学生找出自己感受最深的意象词语，并通过联想、想像把这些意象所在的诗节描绘成一幅图画。
意象词语如：雨、田圃、牧场、鱼塘、小溪、雷电、风、门窗、帘子、蓑衣、斗笠、柳条儿、石狮子、小燕子、旗子、你们等。
画面描绘(如第五节)：在淅淅沥沥的春雨里，田圃肥沃的泥土上孩子们嬉戏的脚印清晰可见，牧场上的新苗正在抽发，池塘里的鱼儿活蹦乱跳，还有唱着歌谣的溪水……
(2)自由吟咏，请学生结合自己想像的画面，给“雨”前边加上恰当的修辞成分，并思考诗人寄予“雨”怎样的内涵。
明确：大地企盼的春雨；亲切温柔充满爱心的春雨；与孩子一起嬉戏的春雨；勇敢地笑着的春雨……
雨，滋润大地，播种希望，她给自然界带来生机和活力，她是生命的源泉。全诗抓住“雨”这些特点，赞颂人间永恒的爱，于是“雨”成了春的脚步，爱的使者，她给孩子们带来笑声，给世界带来希望。
(3)找出你认为最能体现本诗主旨的一些诗句，反复吟咏，细细品味。
明确：如“我的爱心像丝缕那样把天地织在一起”“只要你们笑，大地的希望就有了”“当你们自由地笑了，我就快乐地安息／有一天，你们吃着苹果擦着嘴／要记着，你们嘴里的那份甜呀，就是我祝福的心意”。
(4)齐读第七、八节，品味其中的“笑”。
明确：第七节中，诗人借柳条儿、石狮子、小燕子这些自然界的精灵，抓住它们生动的一刹那，抒发自己对勇敢、乐观、自信的赞美。第八节，用两句气势高昂的对仗句“只要旗子笑，春天的希望就有了／只要你们笑，大地的希望就有了”将感情推向高潮。有了爱，才会有勇敢的笑，只有勇敢地笑，才有希望，“笑”体现了诗人乐观、积极的人生态度。
3．欣赏品味。
(1)细腻精巧的运笔
“我的爱心像丝缕那样把天地织在一起。”
赏析：“爱心”点明“雨”之所指，而“丝缕”则形象描绘出爱之细之柔，“天地”包括田园、牧场、山峰、白云等，极言爱之广之浓，无私、博大，使人读后如沐春雨。把这样一个丰富深刻的内涵寓于形象贴切的比喻之中，境界全出。
“有一天，你们吃着苹果擦着嘴／你们嘴里的那份甜呀，就是我祝福的心意。”
赏析：捕捉孩童吃苹果这一细节，撷取内涵丰富的那份“甜”，化为“祝福的心意”，虽卒章显志，却不露声色，体现了中国传统诗歌的含蓄美，又不乏新诗自由的风格。
(2)拟人化的艺术手法
诗人赋予“雨”人的思维和行为，她时而“温声细语”，时而欢呼雀跃，一会“探访”大地，一会“亲近”孩子，田圃、牧场、山峰、云端，到处都有她的身影，既亲切又生动，这浑身散发的灵气和展现的真情，怎不让人与之产生强烈的共鸣?
4．课堂小结。
涵泳全诗，诗人郑愁予为我们送来了一位温柔可亲，却又勇敢乐观的爱的使者，我们也和那些孩子们一起，沉浸在“雨”的滋润里，意犹未尽。让我们从现在开始“作诗的知己吧!让无数珍贵的生命的花朵，带着灵魂的闪光、思想的色彩、感情的汁液，融人我们的生命，使我们的精神世界永不成为沙漠和荒原吧!”(邵燕祥语)．
四、意境拓展
听徐志摩的《再别康桥》朗诵，比较两首诗在选用意象、语言风格方面的异同。