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高三英语复习新思路
攀枝花市第15中学 杨奉荣
内容提要：本文结合高考英语的考试新特点，并通过对高三英语课本中Green World 一文的具体剖析，说明了用好高三教材的重要性和实用性。同时也展示了高三英语复习的新思路。
关键词：高三，英语复习，新思路
一、近年高考对英语的要求：
高考英语试卷阅读理解部分是该卷的难点，考查角度灵活，能比较真实准确地反映考生的英语阅读理解水平。由于阅读理解试题的总词汇量比去年大幅度增加，因此不仅考查了考生的阅读速度和词汇量，还考查了考生在阅读活动中运用分析、逻辑判断、归纳总结以及综合联想的能力，也为今后的中学英语阅读教学指明了方向：要注意语言知识的积累，语言技能的训练；要注意文化知识的培养和情感态度的认识；要注意逐渐形成有效的英语学习策略，即学会学习,使英语教学直接服务于社会，与时代接轨。
纵观06、07、08年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题，我们不难发现，大多数试题（包括自主命题试题）中阅读理解试题的难度在增加，其中阅读总词量有较大幅度增长，因而阅读速度就求大幅度提高，其中体现在：07年几乎各省市阅读文章的总词汇量比06都有较大幅度的增加，有的省份增加的词汇量相当于一篇阅读文章的词汇量，比如四川2007年的高考阅读理解试题的总词量从2006年的2083词增加到2372词，增加了289词，几乎等于增加了一篇阅读理解试题的词汇量，所以读速要求有了较大提高，2008年阅读部分的词汇量是2319。还有全国卷一也是从06年阅读词汇总数1636词增加到07年2086词，而2008年则为2101词。
二、高三英语教材跟高考的关系：
目前，尽管高中英语教学出现了不同版本的教材，但是，这些教材都有一个共同特点：那就是所选文章体裁多样，记叙文、议论文、说明文等应有尽有。文章内容丰富，语言地道，原滋原味。中学英语《教师教学用书》指出：本教材所涉及的话题覆盖了新课程标准的要求，所选语言素材具有时代性，反映了当代青少年的生活和精神面貌，如信息技术、航天技术、环境保护以及对友谊、科学、文化、教育、法制等方面的看法和态度。选材还充分考虑到学生的兴趣与需要，有年轻人喜爱的摇滚乐、美国乡村音乐等；有中外影视名人及作品、体育赛事；有激发想象力的科幻作品；有传统旅游与生态旅游的异同；还有吉尼斯记录、文学艺术、新闻媒体、发明创造、幽默故事；还有保健等与现代生活相关的内容。语言素材具有较强的跨学科性质，如科技成就、现代农业、航空航天事业、生态保护、文化遗产保护、克隆技术、文化与教育、道德与法制等等。这些语言素材无论就其体裁、题材还是难度，均很适合高三学生的特点和兴趣，完全是很好的高三学生训练材料。
三、高三英语教材目前的教学现状：
然而，在现行高三英语的实际教学活动中，由于时间紧，要复习迎考的内容多，不少教师为了抽出更多的时间来进行系统的复习（单元复习、专题复习等），因而忽略了对高三教材的进一步挖掘，有的放弃了这些很好的学习、复习材料，甚为可惜。本文将以高三课文的阅读材料为例，试图说明在高三英语学习复习中，以课本材料为主，带动英语全面复习，并以此来强化写作，全面提升学生的英语综合水平和能力。
四、加强高三教材课文阅读，把握高考复习思路
以阅读为主线，带动英语的全面复习。我们完全可以把课文作为“阅读＋复习”形式的学习。也就是说，我们可以将课文材料当成考试中的某一篇阅读材料，教师可以预设3－5个选择式的问题，让学生定时完成。由于课文内容相当丰富，待解决了阅读问题后，我们还可以根据课文进行英语的全面复习。下面就人教版高三英语课本中第4单元Green World的课文阅读THE BRITISH OF A SCIENCE为例，谈谈高考英语的复习设想： 一） 把课文当阅读材料来练习 当我们拿到这篇文章后，我们可以交给学生如下问题，让他们在规定时间内作答。虽然课文长度略比高考文章长，可正符合近年高考选材，加大阅读难度的一个方面―――增大阅读词汇量。反过来想，这也正有利于培养学生的阅读速度，在高三课文这样长度的阅读材料培训出来的学生，一定能适应高考的要求。 Joseph Banks, who developed _____1____ with Daniel Solander, one of Carl Linnaeus’ student, then joined the work of botany. Though born into a life of privilege, the son of a wealthy family, leading _____2____, Joseph Banks had an strong appetite for the unknown. He was determined to_____3____ in science. He made his first journey, to study wild plants in 1766. Then in 1768, after James Cook _____4____ the commander of the Endeavour Joseph Banks took on the expedition, too. He received instructions to search for new plants. He paid for and equipped his own expedition. The three-year voyage made it possible for him to look out for new plants, to produce crops, _____5____ to his own country on a large scale. He also helped to develop local economies, spreading his knowledge of botany over the country. His work _____6____ a great success. He made many discoveries of new plants, and he made many voyages around the world, undertaking scientific investigation. （参考答案1. a lifelong friendship 2. a cosy life 3. make a career 4. was appointed 5. move plants from foreign lands 6. turned out ）
二） 把课文当复习材料来复习 1．在阅读文章中进行词汇复习。 在这篇说明文中，我们会复习到到一些常考词汇，如：accept, conquer, promote, develop, travel, die, despite, supply, include, a great success, elect, president等。而对这些词的复习，我们可以设置单选、句子翻译等多种练习形式。
2．在阅读文章中掌握一定短语。 我们同时也会读到下列一些重要短语。如：according to, as a result, in fact, at the first sight, lead a cosy life, had an appetite for, made a first journey, appoint sb as, search for, look out for, on a large scale, be involved in, such as, a great deal of knowledge等。
3．在阅读文章中进行语法复习。 1)冠词复习：当我们读到 “The voyage had been a great success; In 1778, Banks was elected president of the Royal Society.”等时，我们复习到“抽象名词 ”具体化后可能用不定冠词a来修饰。还有elect 后面的职务名词前不加冠词。 2）非谓语动词复习：当我们在文章中读到 “ Born into a life of privilege, Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family; According to the instructions given to Captain Cook, the expedition had three goals; This would give astronomers a chance to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun, The purpose of the expedition was to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip, Banks was the first to move the crops from one continent to another on a large scale, helping to develop local economies with imports.”等等，我们在这阅读中不难发现：我们在这篇课文中遇到了不定式的用法，还有现在分词和过去分词。从上面的例句中，我们至少可以复习到：过去分词作状语和定语的用法；不定式在作表语时并列情况的运用；现在分词在作伴随状语的技巧等等。 3）句子复习： 强调句：当我们读到 “It was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition; It was Joseph Banks who made Kew a center of scientific and economic research.” 等时，我们就可以将英语中强调句作一次拓展和加深的复习。比如：Who was _______ paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition? A. it who B. it that C. it which D. that it 定语从句： “Some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cocoa, hemp and tea; In London, Solander developed a lifelong friendship with Joseph Banks, who would later asked him to join his team of botanical explorers on the Endeavour in 1768.”等等。定语从句在高中阶段既是学习的重点，又是学习的难点，学生不易一下子把握，通过阅读，我们可以分解其难度，进行阶段性掌握。在这篇课文阅读材料中，我们可以从上面的两个例句中可以联想到限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，由此可以复习到定语从句中关系代词who, which that, as等的用法。 连词：Joseph Banks did not only study and describe new plants he found, but also looked out for new economic species. 等，这种成对连词的运用中，要掌握好他们的用法特点：即连词前后的语法结构必须保持一致。此外，我们还可以就此联想到这一组连词运用到倒装句时的用法。比如我们可以将这格句子改写成：Not only did Joseph Banks study and describe new plants he found, but also he looked out for new economic species.并由此展开对倒装句的复习。
4．在阅读文章中培高语篇能力。
英语复习中的重点，主要是在强化学生的语篇阅读，语篇阅读主要是要培养学生提高生词猜测能力、细节筛选能力、推理判断能力、归纳综合能力等，而这些能力的培养，阅读材料的质量就显得至关重要。高三英语课本在这些方面，都有着一般材料所不能相提辩论的优势。我们可以进一步对文章进行挖掘： 1）Who was the first person to transfer crops from one continent to another? A. Banks B. James Cook C. Daniel Solander D. Carl Linnaeus 2）What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. James Cook led the Endeavour on an expedition to Tahiti. B. The primary goal of this expedition was to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun. C. Cook’s expedition to Tahiti had three goals. D. The British government paid more attention to study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun. 3）What does the word “ then” mean in the first line of the first paragraph? A. In 1759 B. In 1768 C. Before 1700 D. In 1771 答案解释： 1)A. 具体细节试题。可是，试题中运用了“transfer ”来代替了原文中“move ”。2）D. 英国皇家海军任命库克远征Tahiti，最主要的目的就是研究金星经过太阳时的情况。3) C. 文章的第一句就说了18世纪以前，学生只要明白18世纪的表达方式就可解决问题了。而英国皇家海军则代表了英语政府。 5．在阅读文章中提高书面表达能力。 （课文第三自然段原文）Born into a life of privilege, Joseph Banks was a son of a wealthy family. When his father died in 1761, Banks was only eighteen years old. Many young men in his position would lead a cosy life, but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge. Despite his wealth, he worked to make a career in science. He made a first journey to study wild plants inn 1766. His next expedition was the great voyage with James Cook to Oceania. 这是课文的第三自然段。我们以文章第三自然段为例，可以改写成如下文字，让学生在读完课文后，练习笔头能力。 下面短文中，每一行均有一个错误，请找出来并加以改正。 Born into a life of privilege, Joseph Banks was a son of a wealth family. 1. _________ When his father died in 1761, Banks was only eighteen year old. 2._________ Many young men in his position would lead a cosy life, young Banks had 3. _________ appetite for knowledge. Despite his wealth, he worked to make a career 4._________ in science. He made a first journey study wild plants in 1766. His next 5.________ expedition was the great voyage for James Cook to Oceania. 6._________ 这段短文里边的错误涉及到1.易错记或错用的wealth与wealthy; 2. 名词单复数year与years; 3. 用逗号 “，”连接句子是学生在书面表达中最容易犯下的错误（这主要是由于受到汉语影响）;4. 在英语学习中，记住一定量的短语也是非常必要的(have an appetite for); 5. made a first journey study是许多学生都容易误以为就是make somebody do ; 6. 介词也是学生深感不好掌握和运用的难点之一（with sb to ）。 以上这些均系学生自己在书面表达时最容易犯下的错误，故让他们在对照原文进行改正学习，一定对学生的书面表达能力有所提高。
综上所述，如果能尽量用好高三课文阅读材料里丰富的内容，深深挖掘教材无限的内涵，对培养学生英语综合能力，并在高考考场中获胜，会有极大的帮助。
参考书目： 1. 《中学英语教学参考书》 2. 《英语》第三册 人民教育出版社
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