Unit 12 You’ re supposed to shake hands

重难点解析

1. be supposed to do sth.

被期望做某事，应该做某事

肯定句/否定句/疑问句，一般现在时/一般过去时，这样的变化都体现在be动词上。请看例句：

Japanese are supposed to bow when they meet people for the first time.

I am not supposed to bow, I am supposed to shake hands when I meet people for the first time.

I was supposed to come at 7:00, but I came at 8:00.

2  point 的用法

point at sb.  指着某人

It’s not polite to point at others. 

用手指着别人是不礼貌的。

point + 名词/代词  削尖(铅笔)，增加……的力量

He told a story to point his advice.

他将了个故事以增强他的说服力。

come to the point 到紧要关头，到达要点

When it came to the point, he refused his help. 

到紧要关头时，他拒绝援助。

point out 指出，使注意

We’ll correct our mistakes whoever points them out.

无论谁指出我们的错误，我们都会改正。

to the point 中肯

The reply was short and to the point.

回答得简明扼要。

3…should have arrived…

这是should have + 过去分词的用法，表示过去本该做某事，但实际上却没做。如果是shouldn’t have + 过去分词，表示过去本不该做某事，那么意味着已经做了。

You are right. I should have thought of that.

你说得对，我本应该想到这一点。

It’s sunny all year round here. I shouldn’t have taken an umbrella with me.     这里一年四季天晴。我本不该带伞的。

4   几个used的用法

在本单元、第2单元和10单元中，都出现了used，用法还不一样，我们集中一起来学习一下。请先看例句。

1. I used to be afraid of the dark.

我过去常常怕黑。

2. Light bulbs are used for seeing at night.

电灯是被用来晚上照明的。

3. I’m gradually getting used to things.

我渐渐习惯了这些事情。

句1是used to do sth. 是“过去常常怎么样/做什么”的意思。其中used可以把它看作是个过去式，那么在变成否定句和疑问句时，我们要借did帮忙，而且注意did后要放原形。所以这句话我们可以变成: I didn’t use to be afraid of the dark. 我过去不常常怕黑。Did you use to be afraid of the dark? 你过去常常怕黑吗？

句2：be used to do sth.  be used for doing sth.  这两个用法都表示某物被用来干什么。注意前者to后要放动词原形。后者介词for 后要用动词的-ing形式。比如例句也可以改成：Light bulbs are used to see in the dark. 否定句和疑问句就是在be动词上动脑筋，used不变。我们把句2变成否定句，就是： Light bulbs are not used for seeing at night. 变成一般疑问句即是： Are light bulbs used for seeing at night?

句3：be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。注意这里的to是个介词，所以后面的动词一定要加-ing。be used to doing sth. 在句中做谓语时，变否定句和疑问句都是在be动词上动脑筋，used不变。get used to doing sth. 在句中做谓语时，变否定句和疑问句要借do/does帮忙。

5   it is + adj.（形容词）+ for sb.+ to do sth.

对某人来说做某事怎么样

It is difficult for me to practice the violin every day.

对我来说，每天练习弹小提琴很困难。

在这里，to do sth. 是真实的主语，it是个形式主语，所以在翻译时要把真实的主语放前面来，it不要翻译

 Unit13 Rainy days make me sad重难点解析（1）

 重点词汇

tense  owner  scientific  pink  lighting  knowledge  serve  design  uncomfortable  smoke  mysterious  shiny  silly  skin  cream  toothpaste  aim  specially  useful  product  confuse  mislead  careful  lead  plane  wedding  co-worker  orange  vase  host  hostess  arrange  feminine  consider  proper  acceptable  tradition  embarrass  quality

aim at  for instance  let’s say  ahead of time

一、词汇

1． owner [′ un ]  n.所有者，业主。

它是由动词own+er构成的。同时own还可作形容词用在所有格后以加强语气。

【例】 （1）Who is the owner of this building?

谁是这幢大楼的业主？

（2）His grandfather was the owner of this farm.

他祖父过去是这个农场的所有者。

（3）She was bold enough to own her mistake.

她鼓起勇气承认了错误。

（4）Many farmers now own motorbikes.

现在许多农民拥有摩托车。

（5）The boy owned to having done wrong.

这男孩承认自己做错了事。

（6）I saw the scene with my own eyes.

我亲眼看到了那一幕情景。

（7）She worked on her own.

她独立工作。

2．knowledge [′n lid ] n.知识，学问，认识，了解，知道。它的动词形式是know。

【例】 （1）There can be no knowledge apart from practice.

离开实践的认识是不可能的。

（2）I have no knowledge of his whereabouts.

我不知道他的下落。

（3）It has come to my knowledge that you are a doctor now.

我听说你现在已经是医生了。

（4）She doesn’t know how to drive.

她不知道怎样开车。

3．serve [s :v] vt.& vi. 为……服务，招待，供应，（发）球，送交，符号，对……有用等。

【例】 （1）How is it that the waiter seems reluctant to serve me?

服务员似乎不愿接待我，这是怎么回事呢？

（2）They serve good Chinese food in this restaurant.

这家饭馆供应美味的中国菜。

（3）It’s your turn to serve the ball.

轮到你发球了。

（4）The court served him with a summons.

法院向他送了传票。

（5）This excuse will not serve him.

这种借口并不能帮他的忙。

（6）He served in the army between 1978 and 1988．

他于1978年至1988年期间在部队服役。

（7）A board placed on his lap served for a desk.

在膝盖上摆的一块木板成了他的写字台。

4．uncomfortable [ n′k mf t bl] adj.不舒服的，不合意的。它是由comfortable加前缀un构成的，而comfortable是由comfort加后缀able构成的。

【例】 （1）She felt uncomfortable with strangers.

她同陌生人在一起觉得不自在。

（2）We felt very comfortable at the hotel.

我们在旅馆住得很舒服。

（3）He has a comfortable income.

他收入可观。

（4）His words gave her much comfort.

他的话给了她很大的安慰。

（5）Be of good comfort.

振作起来！

5．smoke [sm uk] vi.& vt. 吸烟，冒烟。它可作名词用，而smoker则是“吸烟者”。

【例】 （1）When I came back I found the generator smoking.

我回来时发现发电机在冒烟。

（2）My dad doesn’t smoke.

我爸爸不吸烟。

（3）The young man smoked himself ill.

那年轻人吸烟吸出病来了。

（4）Such coal produces little smoke.

这种煤燃烧时生烟不多。

（5）He had a smoke before setting to work.

他开始工作前抽了一支烟。

（6）My uncle is a heavy smoker.

我叔叔烟瘾很大。

6． aim [eim] vt.& vi.瞄准，针对，目的在于。它可作名词用。

【例】 （1）He aimed his gun at the hare.

他把枪瞄准野兔。

（2）My remarks were not aimed at you.

我的话不是针对你说的。

（3）We must aim high.

我们必须力争上游。

（4）The young man aims at becoming a writer.

这年轻人有志成为作家。

（5）He achieved his aim.

他达到了目标。

7． useful [′jusfl] adj.有用的，有益的。它是由use加后缀ful构成的。use可作动词用，也可作名词用。

【例】 （1）That is a useful book.

那是一本有用的书。

（2）John is a useful person to have around on such occasions.

在这种场合有约翰在身边是很有帮助的。

（3）Will you be kind enough to let me use your electronic typewriter?

让我使用一下你的电子打字机好吗？

（4）This telephone number is no longer in use.

这个电话号码已不再使用了。

8．mislead [mis’li:d] vt.把……引入歧途。它是由lead加前缀mis构成的，它的过去式和过去分词是misled, misled。

【例】 （1）He was entirely misled by her words.

他完全误解了她的话。

（2）The travellers were misled by the guide.

旅游者们被向导领错了路。

（3）We had a guide to lead the way.

我们有一个向导带路。

（4）the general led his troops to battle.

将军率领部队去作战。

9．careful [′k fl] adj.小心的，仔细的。它是由care加后缀ful构成的，它的反义词是careless，而care则可作动词或名词用。

【例】 （1）Be careful not to make any noise.

注意不要有响声。

（2）He is a careless person.

他是个粗心大意的人。

（3）He said I should have given more care to my work.

他说我本该更认真地工作。

（4）He cares a lot about his appearance.

他很讲究外表。

Unit13 Rainy days make me sad重难点解析（2）

关键句型

Rainy days make me sad.

I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant because I like to listen to quiet music while I am eating.

Waiting for her made me angry.

Loud music always makes me want to leave.

It was so sad it made us cry.

How do you feel about pollution?

句型分析：

1． Rainy days make me sad.

雨天使人沮丧。

sad是形容词在此作宾语补足语，宾补本单元语法部分已作说明，不再重述。仅举几例。

【例】 （1）Let’s get everything ready in time.

咱们把一切按时准备好。

（2）I hope to see you well soon.

我希望你的病早点好。

（3）The machine can cut bread thin.

这种机器可以把面包切得很薄。

2． I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.

我宁愿去蓝湖饭馆，因我喜欢边吃边听轻音乐。

would rather“宁愿”，通常和than连用；while在此的意思是“与……同时”。

【例】 （1）I would rather you came right away.

我倒希望你能马上来。

（2）She would rather have the small one than the large one.

她宁愿要小的，不要大的。

（3）The defenders of the besieged city would rather die than surrender.

这个被困城市的守军宁死也不投降。

（4）We must be pupils while serving as teachers.

我们该一面当先生，一面当学生。

（5）Strike while the iron is hot.（谚语）

趁热打铁。

3． They spend more time eating their meals.

他们花更多的时间吃饭。

spend指某人花费时间或金钱做某事，常用spend…on…和spend…(in) doing…结构。此外还有三个表示花费的词，cost指某件物品值多少钱或价值怎样；pay指某人为某物而付钱，常与for连用；take指某项活动或事花费多少时间，常用的句型是it takes sb. some time to do sth.。

【例】 （1）We spent three years searching for a solution to this problem.

我们用了三年时间寻找解决这个问题的办法。

（2）He spent a lot of care on that work.

他在工作上花了很多心血。

（3）The motorcycle cost him half of what he had saved.

他买摩托车用掉了节省下来的一半钱。

（4）It cost them seven years to complete the dictionary.

他们花了七年时间才编好那部字典。

（5）He paid me fifty dollars for what I had done for him.

他付给五十美元，作为我给他干活的报酬。

（6）I paid the train fares for them.

我为他们付了火车票钱。

（7）It took them a whole year to build this road.

他们修这条路用了整整一年时间。

（8）My time was fully taken up with reading those papers.

我的时间全用在阅读那批文件上了。

4． It’s true that some ads can be very useful.

一些广告很有益是个事实。

that在此引导的是主语从句。在口语中that常被省略；wh-系列引导词也可引导主语从句。

【例】 （1）It is clear (that) he is wrong.

很明显，他错了。

（2）It doesn’t seem likely (that) she will be here.

她似乎不大可能来。

（3）It’s good you’re so kind to him.

你对他很好，这很不错。

（4）Whether he will come doesn’t matter.

It doesn’t matter whether he will come.

他是否来，这无关紧要。

（5）What you need is more practice.

你需要的是更多的练习。

（6）When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.

我们什么时候开运动会仍然是个问题。

5．…but don’t really tell you anything about the quality of the product.

但没有真正告诉你有关产品质量的任何问题。

tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人有关某事”，tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”。

【例】 （1）The granny told us about a thief breaking into her house.

老奶奶告诉我们她家失窃的事。

（2）The old man told us about his sufferings in the old days.

老人告诉我们他过去受的苦。

（3）He told the happy news to everybody.

他把好消息告诉了大家。

（4）Tell me where you live.

告诉我你住在哪儿。

6．You have to be careful.

你得小心。

be careful“小心，当心”，后常跟of短语。与它同义的有look out。

【例】 （1）Aren’t you a bit too careful of your health?

你对个人的健康难道不是有点过于小心了吗？

（2）Be careful when crossing the road.

过马路要小心。

（3）You must look out for the snags.

你们必须当心意外困难。

（4）Look out!  There’s danger ahead.

当心！前面有危险。

7．In class, the teacher asked me for my homework.

在课上，老师问我要家诞作业。

ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”，而ask for则表示“请求，通过询问寻找”。

【例】 （1）How much did they ask for this book?

这本书他们要多少钱？

（2）The stranger asked the old man for his address.

那陌生人问老人要家庭住址。

（3）He came to ask for help.

他来求助。

（4）Did anyone ask for me?

有人找过我吗？

8．The problem is you don’t like wearing orange.

问题是你不喜欢穿橘黄色衣服。

that（已省略）引导的是表语从句；like后可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，如表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语，但如指特定或具体某次行动，则更多使用不定式。

【例】 （1）The trouble is (that) we are short of money.

困难是我们缺少钱。

（2）The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.

问题似乎是我们如何能使他理解这点。

（3）I like reading books of this kind.

我喜欢看这类书。

（4）I’d like to read that book.

我想看那本书。

（5）She likes reading newspapers at night.

她喜欢晚上看报。

（6）I should like to be present at the meeting.

我希望出席这次会议。

9．The gift-giver is too lazy to go out and find the right gift.

送礼的人太懒了，不愿出去找一份合适的礼物。

too…to…“太……结果不……”，too后跟形容词或副词原形，to引导不定式。

【例】 （1）She is too young to marry.

她还没到结婚年龄。

（2）The box is too heavy for me to carry.

这个箱子太重，我搬不动。

（3）He is too careful not to have noticed it.

他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。

 Unit14 Have you packed yet? 重难点解析（1）

 重点词汇

bathing  suit  towel  water  guidebook  refrigerator  garage  suitcase  chop  wood  light  village  well  form  member  scene  last  major  hit  appear  miss  lead  mostly  air  root  overseas  ancestor  homeland  search  affair  mainly  farmer field  deeply  point  strongly  clear  abroad  connect  local

clean out  put in  turn off  some day  be off  in search of

详解

1． suit [sjut, sju:t] n.请求，求婚，起诉，一套衣服。它可作及物或不及物动词用，意思是“适合，中……的意，（使）配合，（使）适应，相称，彼此协调”等。

【例】 （1）The government granted the minority group’s suit for autonomy.

政府批准了这一少数民族申请自治的请求。

（2）Mr Li has been pressing his suit with Miss Wang.

李先生一直在向王小姐求婚。

（3）John brought a suit in the local court against his boss.

约翰在地方法院告了他老板一状。

（4）Mr Zhang came in the classroom in a new suit.

张老师穿着一套新衣服进了教室。

（5）The time table suits me very well.

这个时间表对我很合适。

（6）She is not suited for teaching.

她不适合于教学。

（7）He failed to suit his action to his word.

他没有做到言行一致。

（8）His new job suits well with his abilities.

他的新工作与他的能力很相称。

2． water [‘w t ] vt.& vi.浇水，浇灌；流泪，流口水。可作名词用，表示“水，水位，口水，尿”。复数表示“矿泉水，海域，水域”等。

【例】 （1）He often waters the flowers.

他经常浇花。

（2）His mouth watered at the sight of the pies.

他一看见馅饼口水就流了出来。

（3）The smoke made her eyes water.

烟熏得她两眼流泪。

（4）I tried hard to keep my head above water.

我好容易才免于灭顶之灾。

（5）The battle was fought in Chinese waters.

这次海战是在中国海域进行的。

（6）She helped the baby to make water.

她把着婴儿小便。

3． wood [wud] n.作“木材、木头”解时是不可数名词；作“森林、树林”解时是可数名词，且常用复数。

【例】 （1）The students picniced in a nearby woods.

学生们在附近树林里举行野餐。

（2）The boy’s job was to collect wood while his sister’s was to feed the pigs.

这男孩的任务是打柴，他妹妹的任务是喂猪。

（3）Nowadays not much furniture is made of wood.

现在已没有多少家具是用木料做的。

4． light [lait]含义很多，既可作动词用，还可作名词或形容词和副词用，举例说明之。

【例】 （1）He lighted a cigarette. (vt.)

他点了一根香烟。

（2）Her face lit up at the news.(vi.)

她听到这消息顿时显出高兴的神色。

（3）He wrote by the light of a candle. (n.)

他在烛光下写字。

（4）It’s beginning to get light. (adj.)

天渐渐亮了。

（5）There was a light rain. (adj.)

下了一场小雨。

（6）She is light of her feet. (adj.)

她脚步轻快。

（7）The nurse treads light in the ward. (adv.)

护士在病房里走路脚步轻。

（8）I lit upon a valuable stamp. (vi.)

我偶然搞到一张珍贵邮票。

5． last [l st; la:st] adj.最后的，最近的，最后过去的，紧接前面的，仅余的，极少可能的，最终的，最新式的。可作副词和名词。还可作动词用，表示“持续，维持”。

【例】 （1）The captain was the last to leave.

船长是最后离开船的。

（2）He has been ill for the last three weeks.

这三个星期他在生病。

（3）This is our last hope.

这是我们最后的希望了。

（4）He would be the last man to say such things.

他决不会说这种话。

（5）I’m to speak last at the meeting.

我将最后一个在会上发言。

（6）They held on to the last.

他们坚持到最后。

（7）How long will the fine weather last?

好天气能持续多久？

（8）This overcoat will last me a lifetime.

这件大衣够我穿一辈子。

6． appear [ ’pi ] vi.出现，看来，好像。它的反义词是disappear；名词是appearance，可以表示“外表，外貌”。

【例】 （1）He didn’t appear until six.

他到六点才露面。

（2）Why does she appear so sad?

她看上去为什么那么忧愁呢？

（3）The plane disappeared in the cloud.

飞机在云层里消失。

（4）We don’t know why he made no appearance at the office today.

我们不知道他今天为什么没到办公室来。

（5）The dog is like a wolf in appearance.

这只狗看上去像只狼。

7． miss [mis] vi.错过，遗漏，想念，未达到。可作名词用，表示“小姐；失误；避免”。

【例】 （1）She overslept and missed the train.

她睡过头，误了火车。

（2）Goerge missed the point of my joke.

乔治没明白我那句笑话的意思。

（3）His mother is missing him terribly.

他母亲十分想念他。

（4）When she read that text, she missed out a few important words.

她读课文时漏掉了几个重要的词。

（5）He hit the target three times without a miss.

他三发三中。

（6）Yours was really a lucky miss.

你这一次真是幸免。

（7）Miss Margaret Green is our English teacher.

玛格丽特·格林小姐是我们的英语老师。

8． search [s :t ] vt.& vi.搜查搜索，细看，详细调查，穿过，探究。可作名词用。

【例】 （1）The professor searched a book for a passage worth quoting.

教授在一本书里查找值得引的一段话。

（2）I searched my memory but can’t recall what he said.

我拼命回忆，可想不起他说了什么。

（3）The cold wind searched the streets.

寒风吹遍街道的每个角落。

（4）It took me three days to search our an old classmate in this town.

我花了三天时间才在这镇上找到一位老同学。

（5）Medical workers are trying to search into the root of SARS.

医学界正在努力探索非典的根源。

（6）The old woman travelled all the way to this city in search of her long lost son.

那位老妇人大老远地到这个城市来寻找失散已久的儿子。

9． clear [kli ] vt.& vi.清除，扫除；穿过，越过；为……结关，净得；消失。它可以作形容词和副词用。

【例】 （1）He cleared the pavement of withered leaves.

他清除了人行道上的落叶。

（2）The jumper cleared 2．40 metres.

这位跳高选手越过了2．40米。

（3）They cleared the ship and were ready to start the voyage.

他们为这艘船结了关，准备起航。

（4）In this deal she cleared ten thousand yuan.

在这笔交易中，她净得一万元。

（5）The children cleared out as soon as the nurse made her appearance.

老师一出现，孩子们就跑掉了。

（6）I’m sorry to have failed to make myself clear.

很抱歉，我没把自己的意思讲清楚。

（7）The students aren’t quite clear about what the teacher meant.

学生们不太清楚老师的意思。

（8）We have walked three kilometres clear.

我们已经足足步行了三公里。

Unit14 Have you packed yet? 重难点解析（2）

关键句型

Have you packed yet?

I have already watered them.

What about your bike?

Are you ready, Tina?

I haven’t cleaned out the refrigerator yet.

I’ll do it in a minute.

Have you ever been to a concert?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

What else?

It’s your job to wash the dishes.

One more thing.

句型详解

1． Have you packed yet?

你已经包装好了吗？

yet表示“仍然，还”多用于否定、疑问句中；still“仍然，还”多用于肯定句中；already“已经”多用于肯定句中，在疑问中常用yet替换，already用于疑问或否定句中表示惊奇。三个词都常与完成时连用。

【例】 （1）Have you had your lunch yet?

你已吃过中饭了吗？

（2）They’re still working hard.

他们仍然努力地工作。

（3）They haven’t finished their homework yet.

他们还没有完成家庭作业。

（4）Our visitors have come already.

来宾已到。

（5）Have you already had breakfast?

难道你吃过早饭了吗？

（6）You’re not leaving us already, are you?

你不会就要离开我们吧，是不是？

2． Have you turned off your radio?

你关掉收音机了吗？

turn off是切断电源的意思，它的反义词是turn on。

【例】 （1）His mother told him to turn off TV and do his homework.

他母亲叫他关掉电视去做作业。

（2）He turned on the radio as soon as he got home.

他一到家就打开收音机。

3． I have so many chores to do today.

我今天有太多的杂活要做。

so many“太多”，后跟可数名词的复数形式，so much“大多”后跟不可数名词。

【例】 （1）The students have so much homework to do every day.

学生们每天都有太多的家庭作业要做。

（2）The woman had so much sweet food that she became very fat.

那妇女甜食吃得太多，结果变得很胖。

（3）He said he had so many books to read.

他说他有太多的书要读。

（4）Her mother always has so many things to do.

她母亲总有太多的事要做。

4． …and do some shopping.

我要买东西。

do some shopping表示“购物”，do+v.-ing形式可以构成很多短语。

【例】 （1）He often does some reading in the evening.

他经常晚上看点书。

（2）She often helps her mother do some washing.

她常帮妈妈洗衣服。

（3）Do you do some cleaning on Sunday?

星期天你打扫卫生吗？

5． He started telling me about…

他告诉我有关……。

start, begin都表示“开始”，后可跟不定式或动名词作宾语。但主语不是指人而是指物时，谓语是进行时态时，宾语是感觉或心理活动时，最好用不定式。

【例】 （1）When Edison was twelve, he began/started selling newspapers on trains.

当爱迪生十二岁时，他就在火车上卖报。

（2）I’m starting to cook the dinner.

我在开始做饭。

（3）The ice began to melt.

冰开始融化。

（4）She started to wonder why a girl was not the same as a man.

她开始想要搞清女子与男子为什么不一样。

（5）I started to listen to the other students discuss social problems and soon I began to take part.

我开始听其他学生讨论社会问题，但很快我便开始加入。

6． In the past twelve months they’ve had three major concerts and made a hit CD．

在过去的十二个月里他们举行了三次大型演唱会，出了一盘火暴的CD。

for/in the past/last twelve months/years/days/etc.常与现在完成时态连用。

【例】 （1）For the past few days he has been ill.

几天来他一直生病。

（2）She has been ill for the last three days.

这三个星期他在生病。

（3）In the past three years we have learned two thousand English words.

三年来我们学了二千个英语单词。

7．…but we really hope to have a number one hit some day.

但我们真希望有一天会有一首轰动的。

hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，不能说hope sb. to do sth. 。some day指“（将来）某一天”。

【例】 （1）We hope to see you again soon.

我希望很快见到你。

（2）She hopes to visit Wuhu some day.

她希望有一天能访问芜湖。

8． We are leaving in an hour.

我们一小时后动身。

本句是进行时态表示将来，表示即将发生的动作或计划好的活动以及表示逐渐变化都可用进行时态表示将来。表示将来的一段时间之后用介词in，而不是after。

【例】 （1）Are you staying with us this weekend?

这个周末和我们一起过吗？

（2）He is dying.

他快死了。

（3）Our teacher will visit England in a month.

我们的老师一个月后访问英国。

9． So far, it has brought thousands of….

迄今为止已经带动成千上万的……。

so far= up to now=by now“到目前为止”常与现在完成时连用。

【例】 （1）So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.

到目前为止还没有人到过比月球远的地方。

（2）I’ve written two thirds of this book so far.

到目前为止，我已完成这本书的三分之二了。

（3）The weather has been very hot so far this summer.

今年夏天到现在为止，一直很热。

10． They walk through the countryside.

他们走过了乡村。

through“穿过，通过”，有从空间或物体中间通过之意。across“横过”，有从物体表面通过之意。past“经过、路过”。

【例】 （1）He swam across the river the day before yesterday.

他前天游过了这条河。

（2）We walked past a bookstore.

我们路过了一家书店。

（3）A little girl was walking through a forest.

一个小女孩在穿过森林。

Unit15 We are trying to save the manatees!

重点词汇

save gentle furry enormous playful aggressive gray spotted African strong mangrove swamp  habitat  aquatic  feed  underwater  vegetation  foot  weigh  pound  against suitable  tiny  cage  educate  public  urge  recycle  stuff  material  pull bottle glue  roof  discard  tile  fence can inspiration spare  politely  environment care for   pull down    be made from

详解

1． save [seiv]vt. &vi. 抢救, 节省, 储蓄, 顾全。

【例】 （1）The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life.

大夫们尽力抢救这个病人。

（2）Your kind help saved me a lot of trouble.

你好心的帮忙省了我很多麻烦。

（3）Every month they have been trying to save 10 percent out of their monthly pay, so that in time they’ll be able to buy a computer.

他们每月把百分之十的工资储蓄起来，准备买一台电脑。

（4）He said that just to save his face.

他这么说只是为了保全面子。

2． feed [fi:d] n. 饲料，牧草。作动词用表示“喂食物，供给”等意思。

【例】（1）There is enough feed for the animals.

动物的饲料足够。

（2）He feeds his horse on beans.

他用豆子喂马。

（3）The lake is fed by four big rivers.

有四条大河流入这个湖。

（4）The bird refuses to feed.

这只鸟不肯吃食。

（5）The stream feeds into a pond.

这条小溪流入一个池塘。

3． foot [fut]n. 英尺，脚，脚步，底部，它的复数是feet。它可作动词用。

【例】  （1）She has never set foot on American soil.

她从来没有到过美国。

（2）He has a light foot.

他脚步轻快。

（3）The village lies at the foot of a green hill.

村庄坐落在青葱的小山脚下。

（4）The road is twenty feet long.

这条路有二十英尺长。

（5）We missed the last bus and had to foot it.

我们误了最后一班车，只好步行。

（6）They told me to foot up the account.

他们叫我结账。

（7）He footed the bill for us all.

他替我们大家付了账。

（8）The expenses footed up to four hundred Canadian dollars.

全部费用共计四百加拿大元。

4． weigh [wei]vt. & vi. 称……重量，考虑，重压，有影响等。它的名词是weight。

【例】 （1）She weighed two apples in her hand and gave me the bigger one.

她用手掂量两个苹果，把大一点的给了我。

（2）Young people sometimes do things before weighing the consequences.

青年人办事有时不考虑后果。

（3）The branches of the apple tree were weighed down by the fruit.

苹果树的枝子被果实压弯了。

（4）The airplane weighs five tons when unloaded.

这架飞机不载货时重五吨。

（5）Your eloquence will not weigh with us.

你的雄辩不会对我们起什么作用。

（6）Her illness weighed on her husband’s mind.

她的病使他丈夫心情沉重。

（7）Vegetables are sold by weight.

蔬菜是按重量卖的。

（8）Her success in the examination was a great weight off her father’s mind.

她考试及格，使父亲心头如释重负。

（9）It has some weight with me.

此事对我有一点影响。

5． pull[pul]vt. &vi. 拉, 牵, 拔, 吸引。可作名词用，它的反义词是push。

【例】（1）She pulled the door open.

她拉开了门。

（2）I pulled at the handle but the door didn’t open.

 我拉了一下把手，但没有把门拉开。

（3）They vie with each other in pulling more votes for themselves.

 他们相互争着为自己多拉选票。

（4）He took a pull at the bottle.

 他从瓶里喝了一大口酒。

（5）It was a long pull along the Great Wall to the beacon tower on the peak.

 还要沿着长城爬很长一段路，才能爬到顶峰的烽火台。

（6）A good education gives a man a great pull.

 良好的教育能给人带来莫大的好处。

（7）Why do you push against me?  

 你为什么推我？

（8）The strikers pushed for higher wages.

 罢工者争取提高工资。

6． discard [di ka:d] vt.   丢弃，放弃。

【例】 （1）He discarded the old dictionary for a new one.

他丢弃了旧字典，换上新的。

（2）Such die-hards will be discarded by history.

 这种顽固分子会被历史所抛弃。

（3）We should discard the dross and select the essential.

我们应该去粗取精。

7． can[k n]n. 罐头。作动词用表示“装罐头”，此外它可作情态动词用，后跟动词原形。

【例】（1）He bought two cans for his daughter.

他给女儿买了二听罐头。

（2）Turtle meat is canned and sold as a delicacy.

 甲鱼肉被制成罐头作为美食出售。

（3）He can sing and play the piano at the same time.

 他能边弹钢琴边唱歌。

（4）What he said can be true.

他说的可能是真的。

（5）You can’t say such things to a friend.

 你不可以对朋友说这种话。

8． environment [ vai r nm nt]n. 环境

【例】  (1) They live in a quiet environment.

他们住在安静的环境里。

(2)We must protect our environment.

我们必须保护环境。

 (3)This is a true story of man’s struggle with his environment.

这是个人类与环境作斗争的真实的故事。

Unit15 We are trying to save the manatees! 重难点解析（2）

关键句型

We’re trying to save the manatees! 

I am like this animal…

They’re about 10 feet long and they weigh about 1, 000 pounds.

I don’t think so.

I disagree with you.

Recycling paper is easy.

But it’s hard to stop riding in cars.

详解 

1． We’re trying to save manatees! 

我们正尽力挽救海牛! 

try to do sth. 尽力做某事; try doing sth. 尝试着做某事。

【例】 （1）They tried to solve the problem.

他们尽力解决这问题。

（2）They are trying using another method.

他们正试用另一种方法。

注：try one’s best=do one’s best 是“竭尽全力”的意思，后跟不定式。

【例】（1）I’ll do/try my best to do the work well.

我将一定把工作做好。

（2）You should try/do your best to improve your spoken English.

你应当尽量提高你的英语口语能力。

（3）He did his best to run faster, but he failed.

他尽最大努力跑得更快，但还是失败了。

2． You’re like an elephant.

你像一头大象。

be like “像……一样”，有时用look like“看起来像”。like是介词；like作动词用是“喜欢”。

【例】（1）Your daughter looks like a basketball player.

你的女儿看上去像篮球运动员。

（2）That’s just like him.

他就是这种人。

（3）I can’t tell what a spaceship is like.

我说不上来宇宙飞船是什么样子。

（4）He doesn’t like tomatoes.

他不喜欢吃西红柿。

3． I’ve visited a lot of zoos in my life.

我一生中参观过许多动物园。

in one’s life“一生，一辈子”；a lot of=lots of。

【例】（1）Lei Feng did lots of good deeds for the people in his life.

雷锋一生中为人民做了许多好事。

（2）They have saved a lot of animals in their lives.

他们一生中救了大量的动物。

4． The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all.

动物被关在小笼子里, 几乎一点都不能动。

hardly不是hard的副词形式，它的意思是“几乎不”，是个否定含义的词，务必要与hard区别开。

【例】（1）He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.

他难得在午夜前睡觉。

（2）I could hardly believe my eyes when he suddenly appeared.

他突然出现时，我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。

（3）The loaf is as hard as a brick.

这块面包硬得像块砖头。

（4）He isn’t afraid to take on hard jobs.

他不怕承担困难的工作。

（5）The teacher worked hard to prepare his lecture.

老师努力备课。

（6）He looked hard at me all the while.

他一直紧盯着我。

5． I don’t think so.

我不这样认为。

I think so.

我认为是这样。

so在此是代词，代替上文的句意，否定常用not。以下是英语的习惯用法：

I think so. →I don’t think so.

I am afraid so.  →I am afraid not.

I hope so.  →I hope not.

I believe so.  →I don’t believe so. /I believe not.

6． They won’t have enough money to take care of so many fine animals.

他们没有足够的钱来照看这么多好的动物。

enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置；enough后跟不定式表示能够做某事。take care of=look after。

【例】 （1）He has enough time to do the work.

他有足够的时间做这项工作。

（2）Three comrades are quite enough for the job.

有三位同志干这件事就够了。

（3）We have enough to do to finish the job on time.

要准时完成这件事，我们还得大大努力。

（4）He is always ready enough to help us.

他总是很自愿的帮助我们。

（5）His job is to take care of the  diesel engine.

他的工作是管柴油机。

（6）Here, let me take care of the cleaning.

来，让我来打扫吧。

（7）You must look after yourself well.

你必须照顾好你自己。

（8）The children must be looked after well.

孩子必须照看好。

7． I stopped using them last year.

我去年就不用他们了。

stop doing sth. 是“停止做某事”，而stop to do sth. 则是“停下来去做某事”。

【例】 （1）We must never stop studying English.

我们要不停地学习英语。

（2）The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.

那孩子看见他妈妈就不哭了。

（3）We’re so tired. Let’s stop to have a short rest.

我们太累了，咱们停下来休息一会儿吧。

（4）He stopped to talk with me.

他停下来和我说话。

8． I agree with you.

我同意你的看法。

agree是“同意，取得一致的意见”的意思。agree作及物动词时，后常跟名词，不定式或that从句。其可单独使用，也可和介词to, with, on等连用，agree on用在被动结构中，以事物作主语时，表示“（某事）是大家同意的”意思，on有时可省略。

【例】  （1）Can we agree the price?

我们能不能商定一个价格？

（2）I agree that your suggestions is quite good.

我认为你的建议非常好。

（3）I really can’t agree with you.

我实在不能同意你的意见。

（4）We agreed on the date for the meeting.

我们对开会的日期取得了一致的意见。

（5）After a short time, the program was agreed (on).

过了一会儿，这项计划大家都同意了。

（6）He has agreed to our plan for the holiday.

他已同意了我们的假期计划。

9．You have probably never heard of Amy Winter before.

你可能从未听说过艾米·温特。

hear of “听说”，而hear from “得到……消息”。

【例】 （1）Most of the children have heard of Snow White.

大多数孩子都听说过白雪公主。

（2）I heard of (about) it long ago.

我很久以前就听人说起过这件事了。

（3）You will hear about this later.

关于这件事以后会让你知道的。

（4）Do you often hear from your brother?  

你常接到你兄弟的来信吗？

（5）It has been long since I heard from her last.

自从上次得到她的音信后，已经好久没有听到她的消息了。

10． The walls are made from old glass bottles…

墙是由旧玻璃瓶子建成的……。

be made from…“由……制成”，一般来说其制成品中已看不出原材料，这里表示“由……构成”。be made后可跟很多介词，如：from, in, by, into, with等，组成不同含义的短语。

【例】(1)The bridge is made of stone.

这桥是石头砌的。

 (2)The wine is made from rice.

这酒是由稻谷制成的。

 (3)This kind of TV sets is made in Hefei.

这种电视机是合肥产的。

 (4)This ladder is made by Mr Li.

这梯子是李先生做的。

 (5)Metal can be made into all kinds of things.

金属可制成各种各样的物品。

 (6)Bikes are made with machines by the workers.

自行车是工人们用机器生产出来的。

 (7)The dress was made (out) of that material.

这件连衣裙是用那块料子做的。