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解“完形填空”题五步法
一、快速跳读全文，抓住大意.浏览答案，明确要求
首先快速跳读全文，尤其是第一句,抓住全文的主旨，了解作者的态度、意图、褒贬目的等，这是选择正 确答案的先决条件。
完形填空所用短文没有标题，但一般首句是一个没有空白的完整的句子，往往点明短文的性质如议论、说 明或叙述等。它能为考生预测短文的体裁与全文大意提供重要信息。学生应学会跳过空缺通读短文， 抓住首句的信息，进而捕捉全文中的关键词语，并特别注意那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词 、副词、同位语，最后归纳出全文大意，掌握全文主旨。
在跳读全文、抓住大意之后，开始填空。耐心观察，仔细揣摩，理解已知信息的意义，理顺词句之间的逻辑关系、上下文的联系，推理判断得出最佳选择。
三、避开疑点，先易后难
掌握全文大意以后，可以以此为主线，对所给A、B、C、D中的词语的确切含义进行分析比较，瞻前顾后， 仔细观察上下文中的暗示和含义,答案只有一个。然后运用逻辑思维去推理判断选定答案。填空过程应从易到难，遇到少数疑 难问题时不可徘徊不前，那样会影响做题速度，不如暂时绕开难点，先去处理那些为上下文能确定的直接的、 明确的答案。一般固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型与明显的语法结构等容易判断。
四、仔细斟酌，解决疑难
走完两步，通读，借助已补全的空白，就对全文有较清楚的理解了。接着集中解决少数疑难问题 。先看看哪些词语的意义与本文意思不符，然后再综合运用词法、语法知识，仔细反复推敲，选出正确答案。
五、复读原文，验证答案
完成了填空，不可孤立地去检查各个填空，还要再通读一遍全文，再检查一次，看看选词是否得当，语法 是否正确，文意是否贯通，逻辑推理是否合理。要求学生从思想上重视这最后的弥补疏漏、改正错误的机会， 以争取好成绩
一、1999年高考完形填空试题分析
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～25各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells: Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 1 and have made up the their minds to 2 the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest（抗议）against heavy trucks which run 3 through the narrow High Street: They not only make i t 4 to sleep at night, but they are 5 “damage to our houses and shops of historical 6 ,” said John Norris, one of the protesters.“ 7 we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,” said Jean Lacey, a biology student,“why don't they build a new road that goes 8 the town?”Burlington isn't much more than a 9 village: Its streets were never 10 for heavy trucks: Harry Fields also studying 11 said they wanted to make as much 12 as possible to force the 13 to realize what everybody was having to 14.“Most of them don't 15 here anyway,”he said,“they come in for meetings and that, and the Town Hall is soundproof（隔音）， 16 they probably don't 17 the noise all that much.“It's high time they realized the 18 .”The fourth student, Liza Vernum, said she thought the public were 19 on their side, and even if they weren't they soon would be: 20 asked if they were 21 that the police might come to 22 them.“Not really,” she said,“actually we are 23 bell ringers, I mean we are assistant bell-ringers for the church: There is no 24 against practising: I 25 the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.
1．A．college B．village C．town D．hurch
2．A．change B．repair C．ring D．shake
3．A．now and then B．day and night
C．up and down D．over and over
4．A．terrible B．difficult C．uncomfortable D．unpleasant
5．A．doing B．raising C．putting D．producing
6．A．scene B．period C．interest D．sense
7．A．If B．Althouth C．When D．Unless
8．A．to B．through C．over D．round
9．A．pretty B．quiet C．large D．modern
10．A．tested B．meant C．kept D．used
11．A．well B．hard C．biology D．education
12．A．effort B．time C．trouble D．noise
13．A．townspeople B．other students
C．government officials D．truck drivers
14．A．stand B．accept C．know D．share
15．A．shop B．live C．come D．study
16．A．but B．so C．of D．for
17．A．notice B．mention C．fear D．control
18．A．event B．loss C．action D．problem
19．A hardly B．unwillingly C．mostly D．usually
20．A．I B．We. C．She D．They
21．A．surprised B．afraid C．pleased D．determined
22．A．seize B．fight C．search D．stop
（A）23．A．proper B．experienced C．hopeful D．serious
（D）24．A．point B．cause C．need D．law
（A）25．A．left B．found C．reached D．passed
分析
1．“the bell tower”为建筑物“church的组成部分（通过介词“of”表明此种关系）。与选项A、B、C无关，故不选。
2．通过上文“…are being disturbed by the sound of bells”及下文“…the bells nonstop for two weeks”选定“ring”；“ring a bell”意为“打铃”；“shake”意为“摇动”，如：shake the bottle。选项A表示“改变”，选项B表示“修理”，都不合文意，故不用。
3．通过上文“ring the bell nonstop for two weeks”及下文“They not only make it difficult to sleep at night”选定“day and night”；干扰性较强的选项C“up and down”意为“来来往往”，从语法上看，应为“run up and down the narrow High Street”；从文意上看，“up and down”仅指路上的情形，却无时间概念或时间跨度，不如“day and night”更贴近文意，故不选。干扰项A“now and then”意为“occasionally（偶尔）”，显然不合文意。
4．1）上文交代“heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street”,导致发展到发生学生两周不断敲钟这样严重的抗议，选项B“difficult”显然比选项C或选项D原因更为直接，程度更甚。也就是说“夜里无法入睡”是导致学生抗议的直接原因之一。
2）此外，选项C与选项D意思相同，故一并排除；找出语义相近的选项加以排除，是NMET完形填空最重要的解题方法之一，如第1题中的选项A“college”，选项B“village”，选项C“town”与附属于建筑物的“the bell tower”都无任何关联，故一并排除。
5．选项 A“doing”涉及到对短语“do damage to…”的考查：do damage to our houses = do our houses damage
6．1）选项C“interest”此处为抽象名词，与其前的介词“of”连用，意为“有意思、使人感到有兴趣”；“our houses and shops of historical interest”意为“我们那些使人感到有历史意味的房子和商店”。类例：
①Is there any news of interest in today's newspaper?
②It's a matter of considerable interest to us all.
2）从语法上分析，选项A“scene（景色）”、选项B“period（时期）”、选项D“sense（感觉）”均需与冠词搭配使用。
7，8①“If we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,why don't they build a new road that goes round the town?”
译为“如果我们这儿一定要经过这些吵人的卡车，那么他们为什么不另筑一条路，绕过我们这座小镇呢？”
②对于第7、8两题，只要按译文的内容去理解，应当不会选错。
9，10①译为“伯灵顿最多算个大点儿的村落；伯灵顿的街道绝非用来通行重型卡车。”
②“A is not (much) more than B.”的意思是“A不（很）像B那样”。
③“mean…for”的意思是“打算把……给……；把……当做……”。
11．对学生Harry Fields所学专业进行判断，“also”一词至关重要。可参照前面曾介绍过的学生“Jean Lacey,a biology student”，推断出选项C。
12．根据前面介绍，学生进行两周不断敲钟这样的抗议，直接原因是“卡车的噪音使得他们夜里都无法入睡”。把握住这一点，则不难理解下面的选项。
“…they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.”译为“他们想制造出尽可能大的噪音，以使政府官员意识到大家正在忍受的是什么”。
13．前面提到过“…why don't they build a new road that goes round the town?”，其中“they”所指代的既不会是“town people, other students”，也不会是“truck drivers”，而只能是“government officials”。
14．选项A“stand”此处为及物用法，意为“忍受”。
15．其后的一段话“they come in for meetings and that”，意为“他们到这个 小地方只是来开会，或做类似的事情”。可以看出“绝大部分官员都不住在这里”。故答案选B。
16．前面给出的3个原因：
①Most of them don't live here anyway,
②they come in for meetings and that,and
③the Town Hall is soundproof（隔音），会导致后面的结果，故答案选B。
17．选项B“mention”指“提及”，选项B“fear”指“害怕”，选项D“control”指“控制”，都与文意相去甚远，故不用。
18．选项A“event”意为“发生的事”，无法与动词“realized”配合使用。
19．①由于其后的“even if they weren't they soon would be”，选项A、B不合文意，故不用。选项C“mostly”意为“多半”。
②“be on one's side”的意思是“赞同、支持某人”；
“even if they weren't they soon would be”为一省略句，补齐所缺成分后的句子为：“even if they weren't on their side, they soon would be on their side.”
20．①此题条件不足。文章至此，并未明确问话人是谁。
此题的答案存在于文章的最后两段。
②通过后面给出的信息，确定前面的选项，要求考生调整试题的顺序，正是NMET完形填空试题在命题上的特点之一。
21．选项A“surprise（吃惊）”不合文意（可通过下面一句“There is no law against practising.”加以确认），选项C“pleased（高兴）”，以及选项D“determined（下决心）”都明显不合文意，故不用。
22．选项D“stop”them = stop them from ringing the bell。
23．选项B的干扰性最强，但仔细研读下面“assistant bell-ringers”，以及“practising”等词语，便可否定“experienced”。选项 D“serious”bell-ringers无法与“assistant bell-ringers”等同起来，故不用。选项A“proper”的意思是“适当的，正式的，正确的”，用在此处是说明他们本身就是打铃人。
24．①There is no law against practising”译为“没有反对练习敲钟的法律”。
②选择 D“law”是针对前面“that the police might come to stop them”的回答。
25．选项 B、C都应用在本文的开始部分。选项 D passed 是经过此地或路过此地。
二、1998高考完形填空试题分析
Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She 1 John very much. In her 2 he couldn't do anything 3 .
Every morning she would give him breakfast 4 bed and bring him the papers to 5 .
It isn't really true that he was too 6 to work-in fact he had tried a few 7 . First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to 8 at least six windows.
Then he 9 a bus conductor and on his second 10 a passenger stole his bag with all the fares（车费）collected.
He 11 his job as a postman 12 he sent off all the letters when he should have taken to people's house.
It seemed that there was 13 suitable work for him. So lie 14 to join the army.
Mrs. Fant was so 15 about this that She told the 16 to all her neighbours. “My John is going to be a soldier,”she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there 17 was, I can tell you. ”
Then the great day came 18 he was to march past the palace in the parade（接受检阅的队伍）。
His 19 mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good 20 in the crowd.
The parade was full of sound and color. But when John and his 21 came in sight, some of the people watching 22 laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the others as they marched along.
But Ella Fant, who was filled with 23, shouted at the top of her voice:“Look at 24 ! They're all out of 25 except my John! Isn't he the best!”
（D）1．A．depended on B．waited on
C．trusted D．loved
（B）2．A．hope B．eyes
C．head D．beliefs
（A）3．A．wrong B．great
C．good D．strange
（C）4．A．to B．at
C．in D．by
（B）5．A．check B．read
C．keep D．sign
（A）6．A．lazy B．young
C．weak D．shy
（D）7．A．ones B．years
C．tasks D．jobs
（C）8．A．rub B．drop
C．break D．clean
（C）9．A．followed B．met
C．became D．found
（A）10．A．day B．try
C．route D．chance
（B）11．A．thus B．even
C．once D．only
（C）12．A．even if B．so that
C．because D．though
（D）13．A．some B．such
C．less D．no
（D）14．A．began B．promised
C．managed D．decided
（A）15．A．excited B．worried
C．anxious D．curious
（C）16．A．incident B．change
C．news D．matter
（B）17．A．yet B．ever
C．never D．just
（C）18．A．where B．since
C．when D．till
（A）19．A．proud B．kind
C．strict D．lucky
（B）20．A．time B．position
C．experience D．impression
（D）21．A．neighbors B．army officer
C．mother D．fellow soldiers
（A）22．A．couldn't help B．shouldn't Burst out
C．stopped D．kept
（B）23．A．sadness B．happiness
C．surprise D．regret
（A）24．A．them B．those
C．that D．him
（D）25．A．sight B．order
C．mind D．step
分析
1．通过其后给出的事实Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to read．等可确定选项D。选项A表示“依靠”，选项B表示“服侍”，选项C表“信任”，均不合文意，故不用。
2．选项 B“in her eyes”，意为“在她看来”。
3．选项A“wrong”的语境为“（在她看来）他不可能做任何错事”，意为“在她看来，她的儿子十全十美”。
4．选项C“in bed（在床上）”可看做是“breakfast”的定语，与并列连词and后的不定式“to read”做the papers的定语形成对应；选项B“at”以及选项D“by”均为“在床边”之意，名词bed在与上述两个介词连用时要加用定冠词。
5．名词“papers”有“报纸，文件”等意思；选项A“check”表示“核对，核查”，选项D表“签署”，选项C表“保存”，都不合文意，故不用。
6．通过其后给出的约翰曾当过清洁工、售票员、邮递员，甚至当过兵等事实，排除选项B“young”，选项C“weak”，以及选项D“shy”，因为这些选项都与上述事实毫无关联。
7．约翰曾当过清洁工、售票员、邮递员，甚至当过兵等，均是指所做的工作而言，与选项B“years”，选项C“tasks任务”无关。而选项A“ones”是个代词，用来指代前面提及的表示人、物或事的名词，此处也不适用。
8．此题有一定难度，关键是对“managed to do”的理解。通过约翰后来发生的事：当售票员，第二天他装票款的包就被盗；当邮递员时他把本该送到人家门口的信却邮寄了出去；当兵接受检阅时他却走错了步子等，可以判断出约翰当清洁工时，第一周他就打破了6扇窗户。作者通过使用“manage to do something（设法做某事）”来表明这一事实的罕见程度，含有对约翰的粗心进行嘲讽的意味。
9．选项A表示“跟随”，选项B表示“遇到”，选项D表示“发现”，均不合文意，故不用。
10．“on his second day”第二天；选项 B“try”，选项 D“chance”既不合文意，又不与介词“on”连用，故不用。
11．选项 A“thus”所在的语境应出现在“he sent off all the letters”之后，即He sent off all the letters when he should have taken to people's houses．He thus lost his job as a postman．选项 C“once”表示“曾一度（失去工作）”；选项D“only”表“仅仅（失去工作）”，好像失去工作的惩罚还不够，都与文意相去甚远，故不用。
12．选项C because引出从句说明“约翰失去工作的原因”；选项A和选项D都含有让步之意，故一并排除。此外，题干中的“send off”意思是“邮寄”。
13．通过约翰一连串失败的事实，确定选项（D）。题干中的“suitable”意思是“适宜的”。
14．选项 D“decided (to do something)”意思是“下决心做某事”。
15．通过其后给出的 Mrs Fant将此消息告诉所有的邻居，以及在下面提及的“My John is going to be a soldier．”的事实，都可以确定选项A。
16．通过其后Mrs Fant对邻居说的话“My John is going to be a soldier．”确定选项 C。选项 A“incident”表示“事件”；选项B“change”表示“变化”，均不合文意，故不用。
17．“there ever was”为一定语从句，意为“曾经有过的”；ever与过去时连用可以表示完成时。
18．“when”引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“day”。
19．选项 B“kind亲切的”，选项 C“strict严格的”，选项 D“lucky幸运的”，均不合文意，故不用。
20．“get a good position”意为“（在人群中）得到好的位置”。
21．选项 D“fellow soldiers”意为“战友”。
22．选项 D“couldn't help (doing something)”意为“情不自禁地做某事”。
23．通过文章给出的事实
①She loved John very much.
②In her eyes he couldn't do anything wrong.
③He is going to be the best soldier there ever was, I can tell you.
④His proud mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good position in the crowd．会很自然地确定选项 B。
24．答案为选项A，可以从其后跟的句子的主语“They're”找到依据。
25．选项 A“(out of) sight”意为“消失”；选项 B“(out of)order”意为“坏了，不合规定”；选项 C“(out of)mind”应改为“out of one's mind”意为“不想…”，均不合文意，故不用，选项 D“(out of) step”意为“脚步不一致”。
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