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一. 动词分类：
英文动词在含义上，可分为以下几类。
1. 连系动词：不能独立做谓语，后面跟表语，构成系表结构。
(1) “be” 连系动词简称 be 系。
(2) “感官”系动词，简称“感”系，这类词共有五个：look, smell, taste, sound 和 feel。
(3) “变”系，就是这类系动词词义含有变化词义的系动词。如：get, turn, become, go, come 和
grow 等。
2. 实义动词：后面可以直接跟宾语叫及物动词。不能跟宾语叫不及物动词，可以独立作谓语。
（1） 及物动词： tell 告诉…… Could you tell me the way to Beijing Railway Station?
（2） 不及物动词： sit 坐 Please sit down.
3. 助动词：不能独立做谓语，通常帮助连系动词和实义动词完成各种时态，语态，语气以及否定和疑问结构等。
(1) be I am having dinner now.
The roads from Beijing to Shenyang are being built.
(2) do Did he arrive by train yesterday?
Dose he live in London with his grandparents?
(3) have Have they finished building the new school?
(4) will Will you come to my party?
(5) be able to I was able to swim when I was five years old.
(6) be going to Are they going to visit India?
4. 情态动词：用来表明说话人的语气和情态，不能独立作谓语。也是助动词，因此前面不再跟助动词。
(1) can/ could It can’t be raining now.
(2) may/ might May I speak to Mike?
(3) must You mustn’t smoke here.
(4) need You needn’t come early.
(5) shall/ should Students should finish doing their homework.
(6) will/ would Would you please tell me the way to the station?
(7) used to He used to be afraid of snakes when he was young.
二. 连系动词分类及用法
1. “ 感“ 系动词： 指用我们五官感知的系动词。
从视觉上感知的是：look 看上去 The boat looks wonderful. 这条船看上去很漂亮。
The baby looks like his mother. 这个婴儿长得像他的母亲。
从嗅觉上感知的是：smell 闻起来 The flower smells nice.
这花闻起来很香。 The cake smells like tea. 蛋糕闻起来有茶叶的味道。
从听觉上感知的是：sound 听起来Her voice sounds sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜美。
Her voice sounds like a baby.
从味觉上感知的是：taste 尝起来。 The soup tastes delicious. 这汤味道很香。
The coke tastes like beer. 这种可乐尝起来有啤酒味。
从触觉上感知的是：feel 感觉，觉得。The stone feels hard and cold. 这石头摸起来很硬很凉。
It feels like an egg. 它摸起来像个鸡蛋。
这类系动词的特点是：后面直接加形容词作表语。当后面来名词时，要加上介词like 然后再接名词。要注意一点：这类动词没有进行时态，没有被动语态。
2. “ 变 ”系动词， 这类系动词都有变的意思。
如：turn When the traffic light turns red, we must stop.
get When winter comes, it gets colder and colder.
become My mother is becoming older.
go The milk went bad.
come My dream came true when I was 18.
grow Plants grow quickly in Spring.
注意：这类动词也没有被动语态，但是有的词会有进行时态。 become, grow和get 就可以有进行时态。 看下面的句子：
（1）Leaves in fall turn yellow and fall down.
秋天的树叶变黄并且掉落。
（2）China is becoming stronger and stronger.
中国正在变得越来越强大。
（3）It is getting cold.
天气在渐渐地变冷。
（4）All the young trees are growing strong.
所有的小树都长得很壮。
辨析become, get, turn 和grow，我们会发现become, get和grow都表示渐渐变，而turn则表示突变。因此，turn后面往往跟颜色。
辨析go 和come，我们可以发现go 往往和贬义的形容词连用，而come往往和褒义的形容词连用。
三. 动词的词意辨析，专题练习。
1. —— Oh, I’ve left my schoolbag in the classroom.
—— Don’t worry. I’ll ________ it for you.
A. bring B. get
C. take D. carry
2. —— What a nice MP3! Is it yours?
—— Of course. I ______ 180 yuan on it.
A. cost B. took
C. spent D. paid
3. He is so careless that he often ________ his school things at home.
A. puts B. forgets
C. takes D. leaves
4. He has failed several times, but he won’t ________.
A. go on B. come on
C. get up D. give up
5. I feel it hard to keep up with my classmates. But whenever I want to ________, my
teacher always encourages me to work harder.
A. go on B. give up
C. run away D. give back
6. The cake ______ good. I can’t wait to eat it.
A. feels B. sounds
C. becomes D. smells
7. —— How long have you _____ China?
—— For three years.
A. come back B. returned
C. left D. been away from
8. Please ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.
A. turn on B. turn up
C. turn off D. turn out
9. I’ve heard the story. It ______ interesting.
A. looks B. reads
C. feels D. sounds
10. They didn’t prepare the speech contest like that, but it _____ very well.
A. kept out B. gave out
C. left out D. worked out
11. Mary’s parents will ______ her 3,000 dollars for the computer.
A. cost B. took
C. offer D. spent
12. You can take anything from the shelf and read, please_____ the books when you have
finished with them.
A. put on B. put down
C. put back D. put off
13. It is going to rain. Let’s _____ our things and go indoors.
A. put away B. put off
C. put down D. put on
14. The medical team to Wenchuan is _______ ten doctors and twenty nurses.
A. made of B. made from
C. made out of D. made up of
15. People in the north ________ chiefly _____ wheat.
A. live/ by B. eat / on
C. live / on D. have / with
16. When the light ____ green, you can enter the room.
A. gets B. is getting
C. turns D. is turning
17. It is _________ dark. We’d better ____________ the lights.
A. get, to turn on B. becoming, to turn on
C. getting, turn on D. become, turn on
18. Please _______ your books ready before class.
A. get B. turn
C. let D. have
答案：
1. B. get 10. D. worked out
2. C. spent 11．C. offer
3. D. leaves 12．C. put back
4. D. give up 13．A. put away
5. B. give up 14．D. made up of
6. D. smells 15. C. live/on
7. D. been away from 16. C. turns
8. C. turn off 17. C. getting, turn on
9. D. sounds 18. A. get
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