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初二英语下册重点语法梳理
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| 查询英七年下复习的详细结果
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一． 动词后接to do 和doing作宾语
A gerund (doing) is a verb that functions as noun.
For example:
a) I enjoy playing tennis. “I enjoy play tennis” is incorrect.
b) We practice speaking English every day.
c) They just bought a new swimming pool.
In English the infinitive ( to do )is made of to and the verb.
For example:
a) I want to learn a new language.
b) You forgot to close the door.
（一） Verb + Gerund(doing)
Here are some common verbs that can be followed by gerunds, but not infinitives.
admit - He admitted taking the money.
celebrate - We celebrated winning the competition.
deny - The government denied spending too little on education.
dislike - I dislike complaining.
enjoy - She enjoys meeting her friends.
finish - I finished working there last month.
imagine - I imagine being a waitress is a difficult job.
keep - Where are my keys? I keep losing them.
mind - I don't mind waiting, we've got time.
miss - I miss talking with my sisters.
remember - Do you remember going to Italy?
risk - Jeff's always late. He risks losing his job.
stop - Don't stop singing, it's really nice.
suggest - I suggest having lunch first.
Notice: Gerunds are also used after some phrasal verbs.
For example:
If you keep on doing the same thing, you'll get the same results.
She wants to give up drinking coffee.
（二） Verb + Infinitive(to do)
Below are some common verbs that can be followed by infinitives, but not usually gerunds.
aim - I'm aiming to finish this book by the end of March.
afford - I can't afford to buy new clothes.
agree - My boss agreed to give me a reference.
decide - We decided to have a baby.
deserve - You deserve to have a better score.
forget - Don't forget to lock the door.
hope - I hope to go to Harvard Business School.
learn - I learnt to read when I was 3 years old.
mean - I'm sorry, I didn't mean to make you angry.
need - You don't need to study a lot, you need to study a little for a long time.
offer - He offered to help me carry these bags.
plan - They plan to go abroad next year.
pretend - He's pretending to be sick.
promise - She promised to be here on time.
refuse - Why do they always refuse to listen?
seem - She seems to be really intelligent.
二． 定语从句
Relative clauses give information to help define something.
For example:
I work for a company. ＞＞ I work for a company that sells computer software.
The clause ＂that sells computer software＂ gives extra information about the company.
She likes people. ＞＞ She likes people who are kind and generous.
The first sentence is too general, whereas the second sentence gives more information
about who she likes.
不定代词：who /which的使用
who
Who clauses give information about people.
For example:
There are many people who want to learn English.
A doctor is a person who helps sick people.
Sometimes you can use that as well as “who”.
For example:
I like the man that lives next to us.
I like the man who lives next to us.
This is possible in Essential Relative Clauses, but not in Non-essential Relative Clauses.
For more information see later units on Relative Clauses.
which
Which clauses give information about things. For example:
Where's the pencil which was on my desk?
He's moved to an apartment which has a nice view.
“that” can be used instead of which especially in informal speech.
For example:
I'd like a job that has a higher salary.
= I'd like a job which has a higher salary.
This is the book that I borrowed from Lisa.
=This is the book which I borrowed from Lisa.
Direction: Solve a puzzle
Lee, Tracy, Sid and Kit are in love. Can you find who belongs together? Read the following
clues and solve the puzzle.
Clues:
1. Lee loves the person who speaks Spanish.
2. Tracy loves the person who tells amusing stories.
3. The teacher loves the writer.
4. The pilot loves the person who is interested in history.
5. Sid loves the person that plays the piano.
6. The person who tells amusing stories is a pilot.
7. The person that runs three miles a day is a doctor.
8. The person who plays the piano is a teacher.
9. The person who is interested in history is a doctor.
10. The doctor loves the person who tells amusing stories.
11. The person who speaks Spanish is a writer.
12. The pilot loves the person who runs three miles a day.
Keys:
Lee loves Kit. Tracy loves Sid.
三． 宾语从句
Reported speech reports indirectly what another person said.
For example:
Jane said she was so happy today.
The president said he needed a vacation.
Reported speech usually uses the past form of direct speech. So if the direct speech is in the present, the reported speech is in the past.
For example:
Direct Speech - I said, ＂She is in her office.＂
Reported Speech - I said she was in her office.
Also if the direct speech is in the past, the reported speech uses the past perfect.
Direct Speech - I said, ＂She was in her office at lunchtime.＂
Reported Speech - I said she had been in her office at lunchtime.
OR I said she was in her office at lunchtime.
直接引语变间接引语：
a) I said, ＂She is busy＂. - I said she was busy.
b) I said, ＂I am working now＂. - I said I was working now
c) I said, ＂She was here this morning＂. - I said she was here this morning.
OR I said she had been here this morning.
d) I said ＂She was studying all yesterday＂ - I said she was studying all yesterday.
OR I said she had been studying all yesterday
e) I said, ＂She has worked here for 5 years.＂ - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
f) I said, ＂She had worked here for 5 years.＂ - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
g) I said, ＂She will work here from July.＂ - I said she would work here from July.
h) I said, ＂We'll be living here for 6 months.＂ - I said we would be living here for 6
months.
i) I said, ＂She can play the piano well.＂ - I said she could play the piano well.
如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。
如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。如宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时： is / am / are → was / were； do / does → did； may → might； need → needed can → could。一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were going to do； will do → would do。现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done。现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing
宾语从句专项训练
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if；Whether B. whether；Whether
C. if；That D. if；If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live
C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________ . Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________ .
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
II．按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? （改写句子）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ .
5. They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not…until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I. 1—5 DDDCD 6—10 ADDBD
II. 1. if／whether；enjoys 2. if／whether；needed
3. Neither；nor 4. when；leaves
5. didn't；until 6. whether；came
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来源：中国哲士网
教师学生家长 英七年下复习资料 备课考试教学
教育资料 初二英语下册重点语法梳理 文章
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