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语法复习：动词不定式
动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆：
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。
To go in for sports helps you stay fit.
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示评价的形容词。例：It’s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语)
2、表语：Our duty is to protect the environment.
3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例：Would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.
和plan用法一样的词还有：start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语)
4、宾语补足语：
(1) 在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。
例：I asked a friend to read it to me. (book4，L2)
(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词 (see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, help等) 后不带to。
例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例：I have something important to say.
6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。
例：We are very glad to meet you again.
7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。
例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.
8、“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例：He didn’t tell me where to go.
不定式综合练习：
一．用动词的适当形式填空（包括时态和动词的非谓语形式）
1、 Joe Hill wrote songs_______(keep) up the workers' struggle.
2、 His brother told me he enjoyed_______(play) football very much.
3、 Stop ______(talk), you will hear something strange.
4、 Don't make him_______(climb) the tree.
5、 This year they are going __________(put) up a new theatre (戏院).
6、 These books can't___ __(return) to you, because I __ _(not finish)_______(read) them.
7、 Father asked his son_______(not play) with fire.
8、 The students were asked __________(take) out a piece of paper and write down the
sentences on the blackboard.
9、 After having a rest , he went on ______(do) his homework.
10、 It's time for you __________(empty) the dustbin.
11、 A lot of information __________(put) into the computer yesterday .
12、 It's important ___________(do) morning exercises every day.
13、 To a doctor the most important thing is_________(save) lives.
14、 The boss made us_________(work) more than ten hours a day.
15、 The professor had a strange way of________(make) his lessons lively and interesting.
16、 (put)_______on your coat and be careful ___________(not catch) a cold.
17、 I am sorry _______(keep) you________(wait) so long.
18、 How ________(get) to the science museum is a question.
19、 It takes me half an hour__________(go) to school on foot.
20、 She was never heard ___________(sing) so well before.
21、 She often does__________(shop) in the evening.
22、 They stopped________(listen) to her songs because they were fond of _______(sing).
23、 It's rather cold ,you'd better_________(not take) off your coat.
24、 It's kind of you_________(give) seat to the old man.
25、 May I use your dictionary for a minute? I want________(look) up a new word.
26、 They were able___________(built) the house themselves.
27、 He was told ________(pay) attention to (注意) his pronunciation(发音).
28、 He had a lot of work___________(do).
29、 Would you please__________(give) the boy something ______(eat).
30、 Would you like him ___________(get) some water for you?
31、 I saw Mary ________(play) with her sister under the tree.
32、 You must________(tell) your brother ______(bring) his English book to school.
33、 ----Mr Hu __________(be) in hospital since 2 days ago.
----I'm sorry________(hear) that.
34、 The English teacher________(ask) us________(write) these new words again.
35、 There was no time_______(read) the newspaper at the time.
36、 Tom is too young_________(carry) the box.
37、 Stop ________(write) and________(listen) to the teacher.
38、 It's better_______(give) than_________(receive).
39、 Most of the students are busy______(do) their homework..
40、 Our teacher asked me_________(not play) basketball.
二．把下列的定语从句和同位语从句改为不定式短语。
1. There are still a lot of difficulties we have to overcome.
2. Before the machines leave the factory, there is a series of tests that must be passed.
3. At the end of the speech he expressed the desire that he should come and work in China
someday.
4. They signed an agreement that they should expand the trade between the two countries.
5. The commander gave orders that we should cross the river.
三. 把下列的状语从句改为不定式短语。
1. She was excited when she heard the news.
2. I’m glad I have seen your mother.
3. The mother was pleased when she saw her son doing so well at school.
4. He was very happy when he saw us so happy.
5. They will be disappointed when they hear it.
四. 把下列的结果状语从句改为 enough to 或 too…to… 短语。
1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.
2. The room is so small that it can't hold one hundred people.
3. The text is so easy that a child can understand it.
4. The text is so difficult that a child can't understand it.
5. He is so short that he can't be a good basketball player.
五．单项选择
( ) 1. The teacher told the students ______ in class.
A. not talk B. don’t talk C. didn’t talk D. not to talk
( ) 2. “Mr Zhang, you’d better ______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said
the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
( ) 3. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered
( ) 4. My mother often asks me ______ early.
A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up
( ) 5. “Don’t always make Michael ______ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear.”
Mr Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
( ) 6. The young lady watched her daughter ______ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon.
A. to play with B. playing with C. to play D. plays
( ) 7. We are told ______ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our school clean and tidy.
A. not to make much noise B. to throw waste paper
C. to draw D. not to spit
( ) 8. The boy was too busy ______ his father last term.
A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to
( ) 9. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ______.
A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once
( ) 10. There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know ______.
A. what to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose which D. to choose what
( ) 11. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ______ buy a digital camera?
A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I
( ) 12. --- Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? --- ______.
A. Yes, I would B. Yes, I’d love to
C. No, I wouldn’t D. No, I don’t go
( ) 13. Tracy can’t play the match now. Please ______ instead.
A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it
C. make Lily to do it D. let Lily to do it
( ) 14. You must be very tired. Why not ______ a rest?
A. to stop to have B. to stop having C. stop to have D. stop having
( ) 15. There is going ______ an English party this evening in our school.
A. to be B. to have C. having D. being
( ) 16. You’d better ______ a policeman at this moment.
A. not to send for B. won’t send for
C. don’t send for D. not send for
( ) 17. The teacher will show him ______.
A. to use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses
( ) 18. My parents often tell my sister and me ______ to the teachers carefully in class.
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen
( ) 19. Remember ______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. to bring B. to take C. bringing D. taking
( ) 20. --- Let’s have a rest, shall we?
--- Not now. I don’t want to stop _____ the letter yet.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
( ) 21. The teacher warned his students ______ on the thin ice.
A. not skating B. no skating C. to skate D. not to skate
( ) 22. --- Have you got everything ready for the trip?
--- Yes. There’s nothing ______.
A. to worry about B. need to worry about
C. to worry at all D. worrying about
( ) 23. --- Have you read about the pianist in the newspaper?
--- Yes, I have decided to go and ______ this evening.
A. heard his play B. hear him play
C. hear him playing D. hear him to play
( ) 24. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot ______.
A. turning it off B. turn off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
( ) 25. John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
( ) 26. Is ______ easy to finish the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
( ) 27. Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
( ) 28. Last summer I took a course on ______.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
( ) 29. A big crowd gathered ______ him ______.
A. to hear; speak B. hearing; speaking
C. to hear; speaking D. hearing; to speak
( ) 30. It ______ forty-five minutes ______ there by bus.
A. cost; to get B. takes; getting C. takes; to get D. takes; to get to
答案：
一．
1. to keep 2. playing 3. talking 4. climb 5. to put
6. be returned; haven’t finished reading
7. not to play 8. to take 9. doing 10. to empty
11. was put 12. to do 13. to save 14. work 15. making
16. Put; not to catch 17. to keep; waiting 18. to get 19. to go 20. to sing
21. shopping 22. to listen; singing 23. not take 24. to give 25. to look
26. to build 27. to pay 28. to do 29. give; to eat 30. to get
31. play 32. tell; to bring 33. has been; to hear 34. asked; to write 35. to read
36. to carry 37. writing; to listen 38. to give; to receive 39. doing 40. not to play
二．
1. There are still lots of difficulties to overcome.
2. Before the machines leave the factory, there is a series of tests to pass / to be
passed.
3. At the end of the speech he expressed the desire to come and work in China some day.
4. They signed an agreement to expand the trade between the two countries.
5. The commander gave orders to cross the river.
三．
1. She was excited to hear the news.
2. I’m glad to see your mother.
3. The mother was pleased to see her son doing so well at school.
4. He was very happy to see us so happy.
5. They will be disappointed to hear it.
四．
1. The room is large enough to hold 100 people.
2. The room is too small to hold 100 people.
3. The text is easy enough for a child to understand.
4. The text is too difficult for a child to understand.
5. He is too short to be a good basketball player.
五．
1-5 DCBDA 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 BBACA
16-20 DCDAC 21-25 DABCA 26-30 CAAAC
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