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宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一．引导词
由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear, feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：
I told him that he didn’t tell the truth.
在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：
I don’t think you tell the truth
在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.（我们认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的。）
由连词if, whether 引导的表示“是否……”的宾语从句。whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：
I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
注意：在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
例：
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。
例：
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。
例：
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
二．宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。
例：
I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
三．宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制
即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
Here are some common verb forms in direct and reported speech.
Tense
Simple present:
Present continuous:
Simple past:
Past continuous:
Present perfect:
Past perfect:
Future:
Future continuous:
Can: |
Direct / Reported Speech
I said, “She is busy”. - I said she was busy.
I said, “I am working now”. - I said I was working now
I said, “She was here this morning”. - I said she was here this morning. OR
I said she had been here this morning.
I said “She was studying all yesterday” - I said she was studying all yesterday. OR
I said she had been studying all yesterday
I said, “She has worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
I said, “She had worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5 years.
I said, “She will work here from July.” - I said she would work here from July.
I said, “We'll be living here for 6 months.” - I said we would be living here for 6 months.
I said, “She can play the piano well.” - I said she could play the piano well. | 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：
I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.
专项练习
1. Can you see________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
C. what does he read D. he reads what
2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know? （合并成一个句子）
Do you know_____ Jack _____from Japan?
3. ---What did your son say in the letter?
---He told me that he___ the Disney the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. He didn’t know__________.
A. what’s the matter B. what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what the matter was
5. Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know____.
A. who were they B. who they were
C. who was it D. who it was
6. I want to know_____.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
7. ---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
8. ---What are you searching the Internet for?
---I’m trying to find out____.
A. What is the difference between SARS and BIRD FLU
B. How many persons have died in Iraq
C. How to protect our environment
D. Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
9. Do you know___________? （谁正在唱歌）
10. Do you know___________?（她正在和谁谈话）
11. Do you know___________?（昨天发生了什么事）
12. I don’t know _____________.（何时开运动会）
答案：
1. A 2. if, comes 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B
9. who is singing
10. who she is talking with
11. what happened yesterday
12. when the sports meeting will be held
随堂练
选词填空
从下列所给的10个词中选择合适的并用其适当形式填空。
by; forget, for; has; hurry; call; about; sudden; chat; calm
Oliver is a very ___1___ person. He had a camp to go to this weekend and he had no film for his camera. He ___2___ to go to buy some. As he was buttoning his jacket, his mom gave him a list and asked him to buy something. He arrived a store ___3___ Jerry’s Market and was ___4____ to go in when he heard someone call his name. It was Jeff, an old friend. They went to a café to talk. Oliver spent two hours ___5___ in the café. ___6___ the time he remembered what he had to do, it was dark outside. He ran into the store ___7___ trying to buy everything on the list but couldn’t find the list his mom gave him. He tried his best to ___8___ down so he could remember everything. Finally, he got home and said it was a long day ___9___ getting film but ___10___ realized he bought everything but the film.
阅读理解：
After a hole was made in a cork（软木塞）, a narrow glass tube was pushed into it and the cork was pushed into the neck of a bottle filled with colored water. On doing this, some of the colored water rose in the tube. The level of the colored water in the tube was marked. Then the bottle was placed into a basin of hot water.
Almost at once the water level in the tube fell a little, but then it began to rise until the water over-flowed.
The reason for this is that, when heated, water expands. The reason why the level went down at first is that the bottle was heated first and so it increased a little in size. The water rose into the tube. Nearly all liquids and solids expand in this way when heated. Do you know how heat travels in the water? Cold water is heavier than warm water and goes under it, pushing the warm water up and taking the space where the warm water was.
1. The reason why the water level went down as soon as the bottle was put into the hot
basin is that ________.
A. the bottle became larger
B. the volume of water became smaller
C. the water flowed into the tube
D. the water turned into steam
2. When the warm water gets cold, it becomes ________ and went ________.
A. heavier; down B. heavier; up
C. lighter; up D. lighter; down
3. We put some colored water into the bottle because ________.
A. colored water is heavier that water
B. we think colored water more beautiful
C. only colored water can be used to do this experiment
D. we can show the result more clearly while doing the experiment
4．Put the following details into the correct order according to the passage.
a. Place the bottle into hot water. b. Fill the bottle with colored water.
c. The water level rises. d. Push the cork with glass tube into the bottle.
e. The water level falls.
A. a, c, d, b, e B. b, d, a, e, c
C. b, d, a, c, e, D. d, a, b, e, c
答案：
1. forgetful; had; called; about; chatting; By; hurriedly; calm; for; suddenly
2. C A D B
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