（D）

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption(腐败), crime, and poverty. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national idea that rural living superior to urban living. This attitude continued even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became the center of the nation. Gradually, economic reality overcame this bias. Thousands abandoned the precarious(不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people moved from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions(怀疑) with them. These new urbanites, who believed that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities(公用设施). Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge expensive rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Supporters of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal(更新) in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities were satisfied with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

68. What does the passage mainly discuss?

  A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century

  B. The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal

  C. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century

  D. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century.

69. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas ______. 

  A. were suspicious of their neighbors  B. were very proud of their lifestyle

  C. believed city government had too much power

  D. wanted to move to the cities

70. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to_______. 

  A. participate in the urban reform movement   B. seek financial security

  C. comply with a government ordinance   D. avoid crime and corruption

71. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?

  A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

  B. They believed private ownership would slow economic growth.

  C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.

  D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.

（E）

Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.

Film cameras

After all, a film camera is basically a light-proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (镜头)system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.

Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera.

We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet.

Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter open for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film.

    When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!

    Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.

Digital cameras

    In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor (传感器)called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts light and colour into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is.

72. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.      Both digital cameras and film cameras focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.

B.      All cameras have a sensor.

C.      Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .

D.      Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths.

73. In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _____.

A.      light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter

B.      you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog

C.      the image of the dog is not created

D.      the sensor fails to convert light and colour into a digital information

74. The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of  players is that ____.

A.      they use digital cameras

B.      the lens of their cameras is excellent

C.      their focus lenses are short

D.      their focus lenses are long

75. Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ____.

A.      closely related to the quality of the CCD

B.      irrelevant to the quality of the CCD

C.      closely related to the lens

D.      irrelevant to the lens

 

第二卷 （二部分，共35分）

第一节 请认真阅读下面对话，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，在方框的右栏标有题号的横线上， 写出一个英语单词的完整、正确的形式，使对话通顺。

Jack(J)：Where have you been, Laura? Laura(L): Oh, I’ve just been to a s   76      made	76_________________
by a famous p   77    from Beijing University	77_________________
J: What is it about? L: He mentioned something c    78    the concept of “harmonious society” in his speech.	78_________________
J: Oh, that’s something people keep t   79    about nowadays! Then what did he say about it?	79_________________
L: He said that we should not only get a   80   well with other people, but also live in harmony with n  81     .	80_________________ 81_________________
J: I’m in complete a  82     with him. While developing	82_________________
the economy, we are i   83     with the ecology.	83_________________
L: Yes. It’s high time we considered doing something to improve the environment p   84    by human beings.	84________________
J: Hopefully, our government is taking m   85     to deal with the consequences.	85________________

 

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）www.2xxyy.com 江苏省中小学英语教学提供

请根据以下提示，以“节约”------从身边做起（Save in everyday life）为题写一篇关于创建节约型社会的短文。要求：100词左右。

Why	How
资源有限：水，石油，森林等…… 环境恶化：灾害性天气频繁，空气，水污染，水土流失等…….	节约：事物，水，纸，电…… 乘公共汽车，拒绝使用方便筷，塑料袋…..

Save in everyday life

参考答案

单项填空 21-25 CDCCB   26-30 DBDBA  31-35 BADBA 

完形填空 36-40 CBACA      41-45 BAACB 

46-50 ADADD     v51-55 AADAA

阅读理解 56-60 CBABA      61-65 CBBBC 

66-70 CBDBB      71-75 DCCDA

短文对话填空:

76 speech        77 professor       78.concerning     79. talking         80. along

81. nature        82. agreement      83. interfering     84. polluted       85. measures

As a middle school student, we should take an active part in creating a society that saves.

On one hand, the natural resources are limited. We don’t have enough water ,oil or forest in many places. On the other hand ,people keep cutting down more trees . At the same time, everyone can see that the environment is getting worse, people suffer from more natural disasters nowadays. What is worse, air and water pollution is becoming more and more serious.

In my opinion, we students should do something to stop wasting. We can save food, water, and paper, electricity, etc, in our daily life. Meanwhile, we should take buses instead of cars, refuse to use chopsticks which are only used once and don’t use plastic bags.

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