被动语态注重问题 ⑴含有使役动词(make /let /have)或感官动词(hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel等)的句子,在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式,但是在改成被动语态时,则一定要把省去的to再加上去,另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
例:①Mother often makes me do homework. →I am often made to do homework by mother.
⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词经常带有两个宾语(双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语),改为被动语态时,两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。假如直接宾语被提前作主语,那么间接宾语(一般是人)前要加相应的介词to/for。 例:
①She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book. →I was given a book by her. →A book was given to me by her. ②My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me. →I was bought a MP3 by my father. →A MP3 was bought for me by my father.
[3]含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。(宾补放在原来位置不变) 例:①We call him Xiao Ming. 主 谓 宾 宾补 →He is called Xiao Ming by us. ②He found the novel very interesting.
→The novel was found very interesting by him.
[4] 没有被动语态的动词:
1. 没有被动语态的词, 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式,另外,像happen = take place, break out(爆发),break down(坏了) result from(缘于),belong to, consist of等只用主动语态,而不用被动语态
2. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread(传播), stand, come true, fall asleep, ...
3. 大多数系动词:be , feel (摸起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),look(看起来), 等词无被动语态,它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例:①The shirt feels very soft. 这件衬衣摸起来很柔软。
②Many changes have taken place in our country.
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