注：虚拟语气中的were 除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其它情况下有时可用was。

又如：

If I won a million dollars , I’d give it to charities.

假如我赢了一百万英镑，我要捐给慈善机构。

（在此句中，If条件句中，动词用过去式won，主句则用should / would 加动词原形。现实情况是我没

赢一百万英镑；虚拟的情况是假如我赢了一百万，这种虚拟是不可能变成现实的，因此用虚拟语气。）

6. 虚拟语气的疑问式，除了动词相应的变化外，其他变化与陈述语气相同

如：

（1）What would you do if you were in the lion’s cage ?

假如你在狮子笼里，你会怎么做？

（疑问词在句首，主句中助动词提前，从句跟在主句后面。）

If I were in the lion’s cage , I’d call for help.

假如我在狮子笼里，我会大呼救命。

If I were in the lion’s cage . I’d get out fast.

假如我在狮子笼里，我会迅速出来。

（2）What would you do if you won the lottery ?

假如你赢了抽奖，你会做什么？

I’d give it to medical research.

我会用于医学研究。

Or I’d put it in the bank.

我会存到银行。

Or If I were a millionaire , I would buy a big house in the country.

假如我是百万富翁，我就在乡村买座大房子。

关于虚拟语气，我们要学习的东西还有许多，同学们会在今后的学习当中，慢慢接触到。

（六）Key points （疑难解析）

1.

bring的意思是把某人或某物“带来”，“拿来”，强调方向，即从别处拿到说话人这儿来。

e.g. Next time you come , bring me that book , please.

下次你来的时候，把我的书带来。

take的意思是把人或物“带走，拿走”，即从说话人这儿带到别处去。

e.g. Who has taken away today’s newspaper ?

谁拿走了今天的报纸？

另外，相似的词还有get 和fetch ，表示到某地找到某人或某物并带回来，强调一去一回。

e.g. Go and get some water. 去弄点水来。

Can you fetch me some paper ?

你能给我取点纸吗？

2. He might not know anyone at the party.

他可能在晚会上谁也不熟悉。

might 的用法如下：

（1）是情态动词may的过去式

eg. He said that I might borrow his bike.

他说我可以借他的自行车。

（2）是may的虚拟语气形式，不表示过去，而表示现在或将来“可以，可能”，但语气更委婉、客气，

有时表示对可能性有所怀疑。

e.g. a. Might I borrow your bike ?

我可能借你的自行车吗？

（语气比may更委婉）

b. He might come today .

今天他可能会来。

（对“他来”的可能性有所怀疑）

3. What if “假如…怎么办”、“即使…又有什么关系？”

这是一个固定搭配，引导带条件从句的疑问句。

eg. What if they don’t come ?

他们不来怎么办呢？

What if I don’t know anyone ?

假如我一个人也不熟悉，怎么办呢？

4. I get nervous before big parties.

在大的晚会之前，我会感到紧张。

get nervous 变得紧张，get是系动词，nervous 是形容词做表语。

又如：be nervous 或feel nervous 均可表达同样的含义。

5. in public 公共的、公开的

eg. Lily is very shy , and she is afraid to speak in public.

莉莉很害羞，她害怕在公众场合讲话。

6. ask one’s permission 征求某人的同意。

without permission 没有得到许可。

7. introduce vt. 介绍

introduce sb to sb. 把（某人）介绍给（某人）

eg. It’s my honor to introduce my teacher to everyone.

很荣幸，我把我的老师介绍给大家。

introduce oneself 自我介绍

8. Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident.

有时候，你可能会激怒别人，因为你太自信了。

9. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.

你可能宁愿呆在家里读书，也不愿去参加晚会。

rather …than …宁愿…也不…（注：than与形容词比较级无关）

rather , than 既可分开用，也可合在一起用，译成“而不是”

如：

（1）rather die than surrender 宁死不屈

（2）I , rather than you , should do the work .

该做这个工作的是我，而不是你。

10. in the slightest 根本，一点也

eg. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest.

社会环境根本影响（干扰）不了你。

11. plenty of 充足的、大量的

12. enjoy the company of other people. 享受他人的陪伴

13. a circle of good friends. 朋友圈子

14. let sb down 使（某人）失望、沮丧

15. come up with 提出问题

【模拟试题】

一. 写出下列词组

1. 一点也、根本不_________

2. 与…相处_________

3. 使…失望、沮丧_________

4. 假如…怎么办_________

5. 赢得抽奖_________

6. 变得紧张_________

7. 征求某人的许可_________

8. 宁可…也不…_________

9. 迟到_________

10. 公共的、公众的_________

二. 补充完整下面虚拟语气的句子，（注重区分主句与从句的位置变化）

1. I’d be a millionaire if __________________________

2. If I had more free time. __________________________

3. If I were you . __________________________

4. She would buy that if __________________________

5. If my house were on fire. __________________________

6. I’d travel around the world if __________________________

7. If I could change one thing about my life. __________________________

8. I wouldn’t do that if __________________________

9. If I could make three wishes. __________________________

10. I would be a better student if __________________________

三. 根据不同情境，首先判定这个情景是真实可能发生的，还是虚拟的，然后填空。

Situation A

EXAMPLE : Gao is a doctor , but if he were （be）a truck driver, he would have （have）

very different skills.

（Gao不可能是个卡车司机，因此这个情境是虚拟的）

2. Gao’s wife is a doctor , too , but she is planning to change her career . If she

_________ （change）her career , she ___________ （study）to become a lawyer.

Situation B

3. Antonieta is Brazilian , but she has lived in the United States and New Zealand , so she

speaks excellent English . If she __________ （stay）in Brazil , her English _________ （not）

（be）so good.

4. However , Antonieta _______ （speak）French too if she _________ （move）to France next

year.

Situation C

5. Mary’s car is old . If it ________（break down）, she ________ （buy）a new one.

6. Because Mary has a car , she has driven to school every day this term . But if she

_______ （not）（have）a car , she ________ （take）the bus.

Situation D

7. Marcia has applied to graduate school . She _______ （start）school next fall if she

_____（get）accepted.

8. When Marcia was twenty-one , she quit school for several years to get married and raise a

family . If she ________ （continue）her studies instead of raising a family , she _____

（begin）graduate school a long time ago.

四. 假设你现在在一个孤岛上，除了图中所示的物品，你一无所有，你该怎么办？完成下题。

Imagine you are on a desert island . You have nothing with you except these objects . What

would you do with them ?

If we were on a desert island , we would use this to

_______ . We would _______ with this

If we had this with us on the island , , we would use it to

___________ . With this , , we

_____________ . And finally , we _________ with this

五. 看图

What would you do if you were in prison ? At least 5 sentences .

假设你在监狱里，你做些什么？

【试题答案】

一. 1. in the slightest

2. get along with

3. let sb down

4. what if

5. won the lottery

6. get nervous

7. ask one’s permission

8. rather …than …

9. be late for

10. in public

二. Answers will vary . 答案可多种多样，但必须符合虚拟语气的结构

eg. I’d be a millionaire if I won the lottery.

三. 2. changes ; will study （真实的）

3. had stayed ; would not be （虚拟）

4. will speak / moves （or would speak / moved）（真实或虚拟均可）

5. breaks down ; will buy （真实的）

6. did not have ; would take （虚拟的）

7. will start ; gets accepted （真实的）

8. had continued ; would have begun （虚拟）

四. The objects are knife , sock , fishhook , rope , plastic bags .

Answers will vary.

五. Answers will vary.