Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

学习目标：

★学会如何有礼貌地获得信息，培养日常生活中问路与指路的能力；

★把握宾语从句的用法；

★养成乐于助人的习惯。

一、词汇

1. 基础词汇

restroom　　公共厕所，休息室；

shampoo 　洗发香波；

drugstore 　药店，杂货店

main　　　　主要的，重要的；

department 　部，局，部门；

escalator　电动扶梯，自动扶梯；

furniture 　　　　家具；

furniture store 　家具店；

exchange 　　　　更换，调换；

hang 　　　　　　悬挂，吊；

fresh 　　鲜的，生的，无经验的；

advantage 有利条件，优点，好处；

disadvantage 不利条件，缺点，坏处；

block　 　　　 街区，街段；

slide 　　　　 滑行；

clown 　　　　 小丑，丑角；

department store 百货商店，百货公司；

2. 重点短语

hang out 　　　　　 闲荡；
　　dress up 　　　　　 盛装，妆扮，装饰

二、日常用语

1. Do you know where I can buy shampoo?
2. Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
3. Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?
　Yes. There’s a fascinating science museum.
4. Could you please tell me if there are many good museums in New Town?
5. The museum is really interesting.
6. Turn left/right. Take the elevator to the second floor.

三、知识讲解

Section A:

1．Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

　　　 你能告诉我公共厕所在哪吗？

★该句为宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用。宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。引导宾语从句的关联词有that，whether，if，连接代词和连接副词。如：

--- I am sure (that) Jack will be late. 　　　　　 我肯定杰克会迟到。
　　--- I wonder whether/if he still works in that bank.

我不知道他是否仍在那家银行工作。
　　 --- Do you remember where you put the keys?

你记得你把钥匙放哪里了吗？

当主句的谓语动词是think，believe，expect，suppose和imagine等时，假如宾语从句要表示否定意义，往往通过主句的否定形式来实现。即，注重否定的转移。如：
　　　 --- I don’t think (that) he will agree with my ideas.
　　　　　 我认为他不会同意我的意见。
　　 　假如用if 引导宾语从句，后面不能加上or not.
　　　 如：
　　　 --- I don’t care whether he can do it or not. 我不介意他究竟会不会做。

2. Take the elevator to the second floor. 乘坐电梯到二楼。

　　★take:
　　　 to use 　乘坐
　　　 如：take a train
　　★elevator:
　　　 an apparatus in a building that moves up and down between floors and carries people or goods　 电梯
　　★escalator:
　　　 a set of moving stairs in a store，railway station，airport，etc.
　　　 (商场，车站，机场等的)电动扶梯，自动扶梯

3. The bank is next to the bookstore.

　　　 银行在书店的旁边。
　　★next to:
　　　 a close beside 　　贴近，靠近　
　　　 如：
　 　　---I’m sitting next to Mary. 我坐在玛丽的旁边。
　　★英语中表示方位的表达有：
　　　 close to 　　　　　　　　在四周；
　　　 on the left/right side　在左/右边；
　　　 in the middle of 　　　　在……的中间；
　　　 in front of 　　　　　　 在……的前面；
　　　 between … and … 　　　 在……之间；
　　　 be opposite to 　　　　　在……对面；
　　　 across from 　　　　　　 在……对面。

4. I prefer being outside. 我宁愿呆在外面。

　　★prefer:
　　　 to choose (one thing or action) rather than another; like better宁可，宁愿，更喜欢。

(1)prefer sth

　　　 如：
　　　 --- Would you like meat or fish?　 你想吃肉还是吃鱼？
　　　 --- I’d prefer meat，please. 　　　我更喜欢吃肉。

(2)prefer sth. / doing to sth. /doing

　　　 如：
　　　 --- I prefer dogs to cats.　 　　　我喜欢狗，不太喜欢猫。
　　　 --- I prefer reading to singing. 　我喜爱读书胜过唱歌。

(3)prefer to do sth.

　　　 如：
　　　 --- Would you prefer me to come on Monday?
　　　　　 你是否宁可要我星期一来？

(4)prefer to do … rather than do …

　　　 如：
　　　 --- He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them.
　　　　　 他喜欢自己写信，不愿意口授自己的信。

5. There’s always something happening. 总有某些事情发生。

　　　 该句中，现在分词happening 表示伴随，用来修饰something。
　　 　happen：to take place 发生
　　　 如：
　　　 --- A funny thing happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一件趣事。
　　　 happen 一词只有主动形式，不能用于被动。

6. It’s also just fun to watch people. 观察人是很有趣的。

　　　 It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说，做某事是……的)
　　 　该句型中，it是一个形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to do sth. 句型中的for sb.常根据需要省略。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- It’s impossible for him to get up early.
　　　　　 对于他来说，早起床是不可能的。
　　　 --- It’s great to travel around the world.
　　　　　 环球旅行是很棒的事情。

7. When I go into stores I always spend too much money!

当我走进商店，我总会花掉很多的钱。

spend，cost，take，pay 都可以表示"花费"，但用法却不尽相同。

★　 spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
　　★　 spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
　　　 spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
　 ★　 spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
　　　 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
　　★　 sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱，某物花了(某人)多少钱。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
　　★　 (doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间，某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：

★　 It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
　　★　 doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

pay的基本用法是：

★　 pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
　　★　 pay for sth. 付……的钱。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
　　★　 pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。

8. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是一个闲逛的好地方吗？

★　 该句中，不定式to hang out 用作后置定语修饰名词短语a good place.
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Autumn is a wonderful season to climb mountains.　 秋天是爬山的好季节。
　　★　 hang out:
　　　（=hang about/hang around）to wait or stay near (a place) without purpose or activity
　　　 闲逛， 闲荡
　　 　--- Don’t hang out --- we have no time! 别逛了，我们没时间了。

9. It’s kind of small.它有点小。

★　 kind of: rather；in a certain way 有点儿，有几分
　　　 如：
　　　 --- I’m feeling kind of tired. 我感到有点儿累了。
　　★　 a kind of: a sort of 一种
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Shark is a kind of fish in the sea. 鲨鱼是一种海里的鱼。

Section B

1. A different rock band plays at Uncle Bob’s every night.

　　　 天天晚上在鲍勃叔叔的餐馆里总有一支不同的摇滚乐队在演奏。
　　★　 Uncle Bob’s 鲍勃叔叔的餐馆
　　★　 名词所有格后面指地点等的名词时，有的在习惯上可以省去不用。
　　　 如：
　　　 the doctor's(office)　医生的诊所
　　　 my uncle's(house) 　　我叔叔的家
　　　 the barber's(shop)　　理发店

2．They have organized games and the staff dress up as clowns.

　　　 他们组织了游戏，并且店里的员工都化装成小丑。

staff: The personnel who carry out a specific enterprise

　　　 全体雇员为特定的企事业工作的人员
　　　 如：
　　　 --- the nursing staff of a hospital. 医院的护士

dress up:

★(1)(usu. of children) to wear someone else’s clothes for fun and pretence
　　　 (常指儿童)乔装妆扮（取乐或装成他人）
　　　 --- to dress up as Father Christmas 装扮成圣诞老人
　　★(2)to make (something or someone) seem different or more attractive
　　　 给……化妆（穿上盛装），把……加以修饰（装饰）
　　　 --- Don’t bother to dress up for the party. 不必为这次聚会穿礼服。

dress，wear，put on都有穿的意思，但用法不同。

★　 dress: 妆扮，给……穿衣服
　　★　 dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服
　　★　 get dressed 穿好衣服
　　★　 wear: 穿着（强调状态）
　　　 如：
　　　 --- Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today. 露西今天穿着一件蓝色的毛衫。
　　★　 put on: 穿上（强调动作）
　　　 如：
　　　 --- It’s cold outside. Please put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上外套。

3．While the children have fun， parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

　　　 当孩子们嬉闹的时候，父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。
　　 　★While: during the time that 当……的时候
　　　 如：
　　 　--- I met her while I was at school. 　我在学校的时候遇见了她。

while，when，as都可以理解为“当……的时候”，区别在于：

★ 　while只可表示"段时间"， 从句谓语只限于延续性动词。
　　　 如:
　　 　--- While I was sleeping，my father came in. 当我在睡觉的时候，爸爸走了进来。
　　 ★　when意为“在……时；当……时”，可表示“点时间”或“段时间”， 从句谓语可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词。
　　　 如:
　　 　--- When I got home，he was having supper. 我到家的时候，他正在吃晚饭。
　　★as意为“边……边……”或“与……同时”，重在表示两个动作同时发生，伴随进行; as引导的从句中使用的是终止性动词时，主句中通常也必须是终止性动词。
　　　 如:
　　 　--- They sang as they danced. 他们边唱边跳。

4. no longer /not ……any longer　 不再

　　e.g.
　　　 Cartoons are no longer just for kids. 卡通不再仅仅为小孩子们(所喜欢).

练习：

一、选择填空：

(　 )1. Could you please ________ us Mary’s telephone number?
　　 A. to give　　　B. give　　　　C. giving　　　　D. to giving　　
　　(　 )2. That is a good place ______ hang out.　
　　 A. for　　　　B. on　　　　　C. to　　　　　D. with
　　(　 )3. Can you please tell me where ____________ the post office?
　　 A. to find　　　　B. can I find　　　　C. how to find　　　D. find　
　　(　 )4. Do you know where ______________ some maps?
　　 A. can I buy　　　B. can buy　　　　C. I can buy　　　　D. buy　　
　　(　 )5. Mr Tan makes the best noodles in town. They’re ___________.
　　 A. sour　 　　　B. delicious　　　C. crispy　　　　D. salty
　　(　 )6. Do you know ________ there are any good restaurants _______ this block?
　　 A. if，on　　　　　B. how，on　　　　C. if，to　　　　　D. where，to
　　(　 )7.I live next to Huapu supermarket. It’s very ____________.
　　 A. beautiful　　　　　B. clean　　　　C. delicious　　　　D. convenient
　　(　 )8. Do you know where ______________?
　　 A. is the shop　　　　B. is shop　　　　C. shop is　　　　　D. the shop is
　　(　 )9. ---Do you know how to go the restrooms?
　　　　　　---____________
　　 A. Yes，I can.　　　　B. I could.　　　　C. Sure.　　　　　D. I could tell you.
　　(　 )10. ---Where is the bookstore?
　　　　　　 ---Take the elevator ______ the second floor and turn left.
　　　　　　　　And the bookstore is ________ the furniture store and the drugstore.
　　 A. at，next to　　　B. at，between　　　　C. to，between　　　D. to，next to

二、完型填空

Everyone needs friends. We all like to __1__ close to someone. __2__ is nice to have a friend to talk，laugh，and do things with. __3__，sometimes we need to be alone. We don’t always want people __4__. But we would feel lonely if we never have a friend.
　　No two people are __5__. Friends sometimes don't get on well. That doesn’t mean they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and become __6__ again.
　　Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very __7__. We miss them very much，but we can call them and write to them. It could be that we could even see them again. And we can __8__ new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.
　　There‘s more good news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who don’t. Why? It could be that they are __9__. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone cares about you， you take __10__ care of yourself.
　　(　 )1. A. look B. watch C. feel　 D. see

(　 )2. A.It B. He　 C. There　 D. Someone

( 　)3. A.Hardly B. Nearly C. Suddenly　 　 D. Certainly

(　 )4. A.alone B. away C. all over　　 　 D. around

(　 )5. A.friendly B. kind C. just the same　　 D. quite different

(　 )6. A.friendly　 B. good　 C. pleased　　　 　 D. friends
　　(　 )7. A.angry　　　 B. sad　 C. happy　　　 　 D. alone

(　 )8. A.look for　　 B. find　 C. make　　　 　 D. know

(　 )9. A.happier　　　B. stronger　 C .kinder　　　 D. richer

(　 )10. A.less　　　　B. better　　 C. little　　　　　 D. no

三、阅读理解

The favorite food in the United States is the hamburger. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurant，people order their food，wait a few minutes，and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants，people can order their food，pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.
　　There are many kinds of fast food restaurant in the United States. The greatest in number sell hamburger，French fries and so on. They are popular among Americans. Besides，fast food restaurant that serve Chinese food，Mexican food，Italian food，chicken，seafood and ice cream are very many. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.
　　Fast food restaurant are popular because they reflect（反映）American life style. Customer can wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second，they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone prepares it. In fast food restaurant ，food is not expensive. Therefore，people often buy and eat at a fast food restaurant ，while they may not be able to go to a more expensive restaurant very often.
　　1. In the United States the favorite food is _____.
　　 A. Chinese food　　　B. Mexican food　　C. French fries　　D. the hamburger
　　2. Americans like fast food restaurant because ______.
　　 A. they can easily find fast food restaurant
　　 B. they like to eat hamburger and French fries
　　 C. they are too busy to spend time preparing or waiting
　　 D. they are so rich that they don’t want to do cooking themselves
　　3. _____ of fast food restaurant sell hamburger，French fries.
　　 A. All　　　B. Most　　　　C. Few　　　D. None
　　4. The food in fast food restaurant is _______ ready before the customers order it.
　　 A. always　　　　B. usually　　　　C. seldom　　　　D. never
　　5. The best title for the passage is ______.
　　 A. The Fast Food Restaurant in the U.S.A.
　　 B. The Hamburger in the U.S.A.

　 C. American Life Style
　　 D. All Kinds of Food in the U.S.A

四、写作

　　先阅读表格里的内容并续写短文(开头已给).

name

places

advantages

disadvantages

I

library

quiet，read books

no seats on Sundays

Tom

supermarket

convenient，inexpensive

too many people sometimes，have to wait for a long time

Mario

shopping mall

relaxing，fascinating

too crowded， noisy