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英文域名:www.1-123.com 丰富实用的教育教学资料 |
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在上述的十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义,可以在句中独立充 当句子成分,称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用,都不在句子中担任任何成分,称为 虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分,通常作独立成分。 2、了解构词法的基本知识 在英语中,一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系,把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法。构词的方 法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。 1) 派生法 在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀,从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀, 加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。 1.常用前缀
| 前缀
| 意义
| 例词
| un-
| 不
| unknown未知的
| dis-
| 不,否定
| dislike不喜欢 discover发现
| re-
| 再,重复
| retell复述
| mid-
| 中
| mid-night半夜 mid-term期中
| mis-
| 误会
| misunderstand误会
| bi-
| 双
| bicycle自行车
|
| 不,非
| illegal非法的
| in-
| 不,非
| informal非正式的
| im-
| 不,非
| impossible不可能的
| ir-
| 不,非
| irregular不规则的
| inter-
| 间,相互
| international国际的
| tele-
| 远
| telephone电话 |
2.常用后缀
后缀
意义
例词
-er
动作者,人
teacher教师
-or
动作者,人
visitor参观
-ian
人
musician音乐家
-ess
女性
actress女演员
-ese
人,语言
Chinese中国人,汉语
-ese
(地方、人)的
Japanese日本(人)的
-hood
身份、状态
childhood童年
-ity
(抽象名词)
ability能力
-th
过程,结果
death死亡
-ness
状态、性质
happiness快乐
-ship
状态、身份
friendship友谊
-tion
动作、状态
action行为
-ure
动作、结果
pleasure快乐
-an
(地方、人)的
Canadian加拿大人(的)
-ed
有,像
talented有才华的
-en
…的
wooden木制的
-ern
(表示方向)
southern南方的
-ful
布满
meaningful有意义的
-less
不、无
useless没用的
-ly
…地
carefully细心地
-en
使…变得
weaken削弱、(使)变弱
-fy
使…化
satisfy(使)满足
-ize,-ise
使…化
modernize(使)现代化
-teen
十几
thirteen十三
-ty
几十
thirty三十
-th
第…
ninth第九
(二)转化法
转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形,而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有
密切的联系。
May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗?(动词转化为名词)
Let him have a try. 让他试试。(动词转化为名词)
Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗?(名词转化为动词)
The hall can seat thousands of people. 大厅能坐数千人。(名词转化为动词)
She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。(形容词转化成动词)
You’d better empty the bottle first. 你最好把瓶子先倒空。(名词转化为动词)
It’s necessary to know the difference between right and wrong.
有必要知道对错之间的区别。(形容词转化成名词)
They often help the poor.
他们经常帮助穷人。(形容词转化成名词)
We began to drive north.
我们开始向北行驶。 (名词转化成副词)
There were lots of ups and downs in his life.
他的一生中有许多的起起落落。 (副词转化成名词)
(三)合成法
把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词,这种构词法成为合成法。
1.合成形容词
He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。
He is an open-minded leader. 他是一名思想开明的领导。
What a kind-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩!
This is a good-looking a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。
Taking a taxi is time-saving. 乘坐出租车很省时。
He has heard the heart-breaking news. 他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。
It’s dangerous to walk on this ice-covered road.
行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。
How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱?
Chinese people are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。
2.合成名词
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗?
Her handwriting is much better than mine. 她的书法比我的要好得多。
The waiting-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。
The water in the swimming-pool is clear, like a blue mirror.
游泳池里的水很清亮,像一面镜子。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
He plants lots of flowers in his green-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。
They are playing games on the playground. 他们在操场上做游戏。
The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。
He is my brother-in-law. 他是我的姐夫。
I’m not a good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。
The plant is called forget-me-not. 这种植物叫含羞草。
3.合成动词
Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。
He is undergoing great suffering. 他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。
It’s hard to white-wash the huge wall. 粉刷这面大墙是很难的。
The man was blacklisted. 这个人被列入了黑名单。
4.合成副词
She lives downstairs. 她住在楼下。
If you look eastwards, you can see the sea. 假如你往东看,能够看到大海。
3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语;正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语;
1)初中阶段比较常见的短语:
同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材,将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结,对于其中比较轻易混
淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。
2)初中阶段比较常见的习语有:
1. too… to
2. so.. that…
3. It’s time for sb. to do sth.
4. both…. and..
5. either…or…
6. neither… nor…
7. not… until…
8. not only… but also…
9. as… as…
10. not as (so)… as…
11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
12. It’s good (bad) for…
13. as soon as
14. used to do
15. some… others…
16. be angry with…
17. be different from
18. one… the other…
19. take sb. to a place
20. Thank you for doing sth.
21. get ready to do sth.
22. …one of…
23. get on well with …
24. sb. spend… on…
25. buy… for…
26. be interested in…
27. You’d better…
28. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
29. enjoy doing
30. be good at…
4、理解词类转化
在英语中,不少词可以属于几个词类,如water( 水、浇水;名词和动词);work(工作;动词和名词)
,fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;介词和连词)等。
三、巩固练习
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母,使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
l. What colour is Ann's skirt? It's r____d.
2.We often play g____mes after school.
3.Put your r____ler and your pen in the pencil-box.
4.My parents work f____ ve days a week.
5.There are a lot of cars and buses in the str____t.
6.Don't open the wind ____ . It's cold outside.
7.How do you usually go to school? By b__ k __.
8.There are a lot of flowers in the g __ d ___.
9.Winter comes after a ___ n.
10. Trees turn gr___n in spring.
11. L__sson One is easy.
12. Can you make a c__ke?
13. This box is small. Give me a b__g one.
14. A d__g is running after a cat.
15. We cl___n the classroom every day.
② 根据句子意思完成单词,单词的第一个字母已给出
1.If you are ill , you must go to h_______ .
2.We all know
3.D________ ,25th is Christmas Day .
4.We can see s________ at night when it's fine .
5.You can come here b_______ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .
6.I hope you have a good time on you j______ .
7.Could you tell me w_______ the nearest post office is ?
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.There are two ________in the basket. (egg)
2.This is my pencil. That one is ________. (your)
3.Who is _______, Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)
4.We live on the ______ floor. (twenty)
5. I can see three _______ on the desk. (pen)
6. This room is _______. It isn't yours. (our)
7. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _______ are.” (your)
8. Lin Lin is the ______ in our class. (young)
9. We live on the _______ floor. (seven)
10. Li Lei is _______ than Lin Tao. (old)
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ river in
12.Wei Hua gave me two______ yesterday.(book)
13.That pen isn't yours. It's ______ .(her)
14.The ______ lesson is very easy.(six)
15.John is ______ than Sam.(tall)
16.Can you help ______ with my English? (I)
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1、我用了两个小时修车。
It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike.
2、直到妈妈回来时,他才完成作业。
He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
3、他和我都不是老师。
______ he _______ I am a teacher.
4、他从小就对数学感爱好。
He became ________ in maths when he was ________.
5、你最好乘火车。
You'd _______ ______ a train.
6、是时候上车了。
It's time to ______ ______ the bus.
7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。
Zhujiang river is _______ _________ __________ __________ in
三、巩固练习参考答案
① 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母,使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. red 2. games 3. ruler 4. five 5. street 6. window 7. bike 8. garden 9. autumn
10. green 11. Lesson 12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clean
② 根据句子意思完成单词,单词的第一个字母已给出
1. hospital 2. capital 3. December 4. stars 5. between 6. journey 7. where
③ 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. eggs 2. yours 3. the tallest 4. twentieth 5. pens 6. ours 7. you 8. yourself 9.
seventh 10. older 11. longest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me
④ 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix
2. didn’t, until
3. Neither, nor
4. interested, young
5. better take
6. get on
7. the third longest
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