Unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands.

学习目标：

1．把握“be (not) supposed to”的结构及用法。

2．熟悉不同国家的礼仪风俗。

3．了解世界各国文化，在生活中做个有心人，有礼有节之人。

一、词汇

1．基础词汇

kiss　 吻，亲吻

land 　 国家，国土

bow　　　 鞠躬

chopstick　 筷子

fork　　　 餐叉

napkin　　 餐巾

greet 　　 问候

rude 　　　无礼的

wipe　 　 擦去

point　 　 指向

stick 　　刺，戳

crowd　　挤满

spoon　　　匙

2．重点短语

pick up 　　　　 捡起
　　be supposed to 　应该
　　table manners　　餐桌礼仪
　　shake hand 　　　握手
　　cut up 　　　　　切开
　　drop by 　　　　 访问
　　after all 　　　 究竟

二、日常用语

1．What are you supposed to do…?
　　2．You’re supposed to…
　　3．It’s rude to…
　　4．When were you supposed to arrive?
　　5．I was supposed to arrive at 7:00，but I arrived at 8:00.
　　6．You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.

三、知识讲解

Section A:

1. You’re supposed to shake hands. 你应该握手。

★(1)be supposed to do. 应该，被期望做……
　　　 如：
　　　 Is he supposed to clean the outside of the window or only the inside?
　　 　他应该把窗户外面擦干净，还是只擦里面就可以呢？
　　★(2)suppose 动词　 认定，假定
　　　 如：
　　　 Let us suppose that the news is true.　　 让我们假定这消息是真实的。

2. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.

　 你应该早问一下该穿什么。
　　★should have done…这是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假象、建议等。
　　　 如：
　　　 It is strange that she should have done it.　　 真希奇，她竟干出这种事来。

3. Where I’m from，we’re pretty relaxed about time.

　我所在的地方，对时间是相当宽松的。
　　★(1)Where I’m from. Where是副词，此处用法没有先行词，“在，于，或至……的地方”。例：
　　　 Where there’s no rain，farming is difficult or impossible.
　　　 在不下雨的地方，农业是困难的或根本不可能的。
　　★(2)where 经常引导以place为先行词的定语从句。如：
　　　 She would like to live in a country where it never snows.
　　　 她喜欢住在不下雪的国家。
　　★(3)pretty 　副词　 相当地，颇
　　　 如：
　　　 He did pretty well. 　　　 他做的相当好。
　　★(4)relaxed 形容词　 松弛的，缓和的，松懈的，通常用来修饰人。
　　　 如：
　　　 He’s feeling relaxed now. 　　　 他现在感觉轻松多了。
　　★relaxing 则往往修饰物。
　　　 如：
　　　 Reading is relaxing. 　　　 读书让人放松。

4. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us.

　和家人及朋友一起度过对我们来说是很重要的。
　　★(1)spending 是动名词作主语，此时谓语动词应用单数。
　　　 如：
　　 　Feeding pigs is her job. 　　　 她的工作是喂猪。
　　★(2)to 是介词，意为“对……来说”
　　　 如：
　　　 It’s not important to us. 　　　 这对我们来说不重要。

5. Often we just walk around the town center，seeing as many as of our friends as we can.

　 我们经常走遍市中心，看尽可能多的朋友。
　　★as…as… 用于平等的比较，中间用形容词、副词的原级。
　　　 如：
　　 　Please come here as quickly as possible. 　　　 请尽可能快点过来。
　　★当as…as…用于否定句中时，则习惯用so…as…
　　　 如：
　　 　It isn’t so big as you think it is.　　　 它并没有你所想象的那么大。

6. In Switzerland， it’s very important to be on time.

　在瑞士，准时是很重要的。
　　★ it用作形式主语，代替了真正的主语to be…这一不定式，不定式可以做主语，但是又往往用it作形式主语来代替。
　　　 如：
　　　 To invent new things is his job. = It’s his job to invent new things.
　　 　发明新东西是他的工作。
　　　 To help others is good when they are in trouble.
　　　 = It’s good to help others when they are in trouble.
　　　 帮助那些处于麻烦当中的人是好事。

7. We usually make plans to see friends.

　　　 通常我们都是做好去看朋友的计划。
　　★(1)make plans for the holidays 作好度假计划。
　　　 ★plan在此短语中为名词，另外，plan 还可以作为动词来用。

　 如：
　　　 ★plan to do sth.　　　 计划做某事。
　　　 We are planning to visit Europe this summer.
　　　 我们正计划今年夏天去欧洲旅行。

★(2)We usually plan to go somewhere interesting，or go somewhere together.
　　　 我们通常计划好做些有趣的事，或一起去某个地方。
　　　 ★Something interesting，something 是不定代词，其修饰语要放后面。

Section B

1. Point at anyone with your chopsticks.　　　 用筷子指着某人。

★(1)point…at…　瞄准，对着
　　　 如：
　　　 point a telescope at the moon 　　　 让望远镜对着月亮。
　　★(2)point to 指向；表示
　　　 如：
　　　 Both the hour hand and the minute hand pointed to twelve.
　　　 时针和分针都指着十二。

2. It’s polite…to do…　　　　 It’s rude…to do…

做……是礼貌的，粗鲁的

　 这一句型真正的主语是不定式，it只是形式主语。
　　　 如：
　　　 It’s rude to point your chopstick at others.　 用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。

3. They go out of their way to make me feel at home.

　　　　他们花尽心血让我感觉不到拘束。
　　★(1)go out of one’s way to do 特意（花心血、时间）做某事；故意做某事。
　　　 如：
　　　 He went out of his way to help me.　　　 他特意帮助我。
　　★(2)make sb./oneself feel/be at home 感觉如在自己家中，无拘束

4. Although I still make lots of mistakes，it doesn’t bother me like it used to.

　尽管我经常出一些错，但它不象过去那样打搅我。
　　★(1)bother 打搅，烦扰
　　　 如：
　　　 Tell the children to stop bothering their father. 告诉孩子们不要打搅他们的父亲。
　　★(2)used to 过去经常，强调过去的习惯动作，而现在却不这样了。
　　　 如：
　　　 Life isn’t so easy here as it used to be.　 如今在此地谋生不象往日那么轻易了。

5. I thought that was pretty strange at first，but now I’m used to it.

　　　　开始，我想那是太希奇了，但是现在我已经习惯了。
　　　　★be used to （介）习惯于，适应于
　　　　如：
　　　　I’m not used to being spoken to in that rude way.
　　　　我不习惯于别人对我那样粗鲁地讲话。
　　　　★辨析：used to do与be used to
　　　　used to do中to是不定式符号，因此后面要接动词原形。
　　　　be used to中to是介词，因此后面接名词或动名词。

6. You’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread，not even fruit!

　　除了面包，你不可以用手吃任何东西，即使是水果也不行。
　　　　★except 除了……之外，但不包括在内，是介词。
　　　　如：
　　　　He gets up early every day except Sunday.
　　　　除星期日外他天天早起。
　　　　Nobody was late except me.
　　　　除我以外无人迟到。
　　　　★比较：
　　　　Five others are late besides me. 在我之外尚有五人迟到。
　　　　★besides 介词，意为除了……之外，还有……，

而except则是除了……之外，别无其它。

7. I have to say，I find it difficult to remember everything，but I’m gradually getting used to them，and don’t find them so strange any more.

不得不承认，我发现记住一切东西是很困难的，但我渐渐习惯了，并且发现他们也不再那么希奇了。
　　　　★Find it difficult to do… 发现做某事很困难。
　　　　如：
　　　　He finds it difficult to stop smoking.　　　　他觉得戒烟是件难事。
　　　　★find it dangerous to do 发现做……危险　
　　　　★find it strange to do 　发现做……希奇

8. Was I supposed to start at the outside and work in or the inside and work out?

我是应该先从外面开始，依次向里用还是从里面开始，依次向外用呢？

此处所讲的是在西方国家用正餐时往往配备几套刀叉，刀叉从里到外，是从小到大

的次序，左手处放叉，右手处放刀，使用顺序则从外到里，分别为正餐所用刀叉，及甜点用。

9. But Westley still kept slipping. 但是Westley 依然下滑，没有改善。

　　★keep doing 不断，一直做某事，中间未有间隔
　　　　★keep on doing 继续做某事，中间有间隔
　　　　如：
　　　　We must keep on doing so.　　　　我们今后还要这样做。
　　　　The headmaster kept on talking for nearly an hour.　　校长持续谈了近一小时。
　　　　★keep sb. doing 使继续处于某种状态。
　　　　如：
　　　　I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.　　　　对不起，让你久等了。

10. She said that even though my father wasn’t there，he was looking down at me and wanted to be proud.

她说即使父亲不在，也从上天看着我，并会以我为骄傲。
★(1)even though/if 即使，纵然，用以使人注重下文之极端性质。
　　　 如：
　　　 She won’t leave the TV set even though her supper is on the table.
　　　 即使她的晚饭摆在了桌子上，她也不离开电视。

★(2)be proud of 以……为自豪
　　　 如：
　　 　The man is proud of his health，wealth，position and children.
　　 　这个人因他的健康、财富、地位和子女而骄傲。

18. He did so well that he has been invited to study at Oxford University，one of the best universities in the world and a very high honour for any student.

他做的很好，因此被邀请到牛津大学，世界上最好的大学之一，去学习，这对每一位同学来说，都是很高的荣誉。
　　★(1)so…that… 如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句。
　　　 如：
　　　 She is so lovely that everyone likes her.　　　 她是那么可爱，大家都喜欢她。
　　 　He works so hard that he catches up with others quickly.
　　　 他工作如此努力，很快就赶上他人。
　　★(2)so that 为了，以便，引导结果状语从句。
　　　 如：
　　　 She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock.
　　　 她拼命干以便能到6点前把一切都预备好。

练习：

一、选择填空：

1. People are _______ to _______ when they meet for the first time.
　　 A. suppose，shake hand　　 B. supposed，shake hands
　　 C. supposed，shake hand D. suppose，shook hands
　　2. When ________ you supposed to ________ the meeting yesterday?
　　 A. were，had　　B. was，had　　C. were，have　　D. was，have
　　3. We often _______ our friends’homes without _______ them first.
　　 A. drop by，call　　B. drop by，calling　　C. visit，call　　D. visits，calling
　　4. It’s _______ to point at others with your chopsticks.
　　 A. polite　　B. rude　　C. correct　　D. good
　　5. In Brazil people should ___ their mouths ___ their napkin every time they take a drink.
　　 A. wipe，to　　B. wipe，with　　C. sweep，to　　D. sweep，with
　　6. The box is ________ heavy ________ I can’t lift it.
　　 A. too，to　 　B. so，that　　　 　　C. very，that　 　　D. too，that
　　7. Jim has made many friends since he ________ to China.
　　 A. came　　　 　　B. comes　　　　 　　C. has come　　　　D. will come
　　8. ________ was the party at Jim’s house last night?
　　 A. What　　　 　　B. When　　 　　　　　C. How　　　 　　D. Why
　　9. He gave up ________ two years ago. That’s to say，he is a non-smoker now.
　　 A. smoke　　　　　B. smoking　 　　C. to smoke　　　 　　D. smoked
　　10. She had never been to the Great Wall before. Today she saw it ________ the first time.
　　 A. at　　　　 　　B. for　　　　 　　C. in　　　 　　　　　D. by

11. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard.
　　 A. learn　 　　　 　　B. to learn　　　　　C. learning　　　D. learned
　　12. Have you seen the film “Titanic”，________ was world famous?
　　 A. its　　　　　 　　B. it’s　　　　　 　　C. whose　　　　D. which
　　13. Do you know the boy ________ his hand towards us?
　　 A. waves　　　 　　B. to wave　　　　C. waving　　 　　D. wave
　　14. If you go into trouble you can ________ your teacher ________ help.
　　 A. turn，to　　　 　　B. ask，for　　　C. help，with　　D. look，for

15. Do you need ________ to read on the train?
　　 A. special anything 　 B. any special thing 　

C. anything specially　 D. anything special

二、阅读理解

All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help people to keep healthy，happy and help them to live longer.
　　Sports change with reason. People play different games in winter and summer. Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities. They Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports，too.
　　Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football for example，has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
　　Some sports or games go back thousands of years，like running or jumping. Chinese boxing， for example，has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years yet. People are inviting new sports or games all the time.
　　People from different countries may not understand each other，but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character. One learns to fight hard but fight fair，to win without pride and to lose with grace(文雅)。
　　1.According to this passage we know that __________.
　　 A. people began to play about one hundred years ago
　　 B. About one hundred years ago people ran or jumped when they played
　　 C. Basketball has a longer history than volleyball
　　 D. Not all the games have long history
　　2. According to the passage，which of the following isn’t true.
　　 A. sports help to train a person’s characters.
　　 B. People swim only because there are lots of rivers in their country.
　　 C. People from different countries may not be able to understand each other before a game.
　　 D. Sports and games can develop the friendship between peoples all over the world.
　　3. The writer didn’t tell us in this passage that __________.
　　 A. basketball was invented in America
　　 B. sports change with the seasons
　　 C. games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities
　　 D. football is played all over the world
　　4. A lot of people have more free time from their work to enjoy sports because ________.
　　 A. they like sports very much　 　B. they want to live longer
　　 C. they want to make a lot more friends
　　 D. they don’t have to go to work on Saturday or Sunday as before
　　5. From this passage we can see that __________.
　　 A. sports and games are unimportant things that people do
　　 B. sports and games should be treated only as amusement
　　 C. sports and games are only useful to the old
　　 D. none of the above is true

三、完型填空

Mr. and Mrs. Moore were invited to a Christmas party at a hotel one year. They 　1　 their car outside and went in. Mr. Moore had never got drunk(醉) before，so he was 　2　 not to drink too much，though his friends asked him to drink more 　3　.
　 During the party，Mrs. Moore found that she 　4　 to bring her bag，so she asked her husband to go out to the car and 　5　 it for her. He did so，but 　6　 his way back to the hotel gate，he heard a car horn(喇叭) blowing near his own car. He thought someone might be in need of help and went over to the car with the 　7　. He found a small black bear 　8　 in the driving-seat and blowing the horn.
　　1. A. pulled　　　 B. stayed 　　　 C. left　　　　　 D. hid
　　2. A. polite　　　　　 B. careful　　 C. glad　 　　　　 D. afraid

3. A. all along　 　　　 B. once again　　 C. just then 　　　 D. for ever
　　4. A. had remembered B. remembered 　　 C. had forgotten 　 D. forgot　
　　5. A. buy　 　　　　　 B. get　　　　　　 C. send　　　　　 D. return
　　6. A. at 　　　　 　　 B. in 　　　　　　 C. on 　　　　　　 D. by

7. A. noise 　　　　　 B. voice 　　　　 C. cry　 　　　　 D. shout
　　8. A. to sit 　　　　　 B. sit　　　　　　 C. sitting　 　　 　 D. sits

答案：一、选择填空： 二、阅读理解： 三、完型填空
　　 1—5 BCBBB　 BBABD 1—5 CBACB　

6—10 BACBB　11—15 BDCBD 6—8 CAC

(注:这是北京四中网校的资料,但本人觉得阅读理解的第一个答案应选’D’而不该是’B’)