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to the liberation of the modern proletariat, which he was the first to make conscious of its own position and its needs, conscious of the conditions of its emancipation. Fighting was his element. And he fought with a passion, a tenacity and a success such as few could rival. His work on the first Rheinische Zeitung (1842), the Paris Vorw?rts! (1844), Br?sseler Deutsche Zeitung (1847), the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49), the New York Tribune (1852-61), and in addition to these a host of militant pamphlets, work in organisations in Paris, Brussels and London, and finally, crowning all, the formation of the great International Working Men's Association -- this was indeed an achievement of which its founder might well have been proud even if he had done nothing else.
"And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workers -- from the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and America -- and I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.
"His name will endure through the ages, and so also will his work!"
主讲:恩格斯 时间:1883年3月17日 地点:伦敦海格特公墓
3月14日下午两点三刻,当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。让他一个人留在房里还不到两分钟,当我们进去的时候,便发现他在安乐椅上安静地睡着了——但已经永远地睡着了。
这个人的逝世,对于欧美战斗的无产阶级,对于历史科学,都是不可估量的损失。这位巨人逝世以后所形成的空白,不久就会使人感觉到。
正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样,马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律,即历来为繁芜丛杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实:人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿,然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等;所以,直接的物质的生活资料的生产,从而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶段,便构成基础,人们的国家设施、法的观点、艺术以至宗教观念,就是从这个基础上发展起来的,因而,也必须由这个基础来解释,而不是像过去那样做得相反。
不仅如此。马克思还发现了现代资本主义生产方式和它所产生的资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律。由于剩余价值的发现,这里就豁然开朗了,而先前无论资产阶级经济学家或者社会主义批评家所做的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。
一生中能有这样两个发现,该是很够了。即使只能作出一个这样的发现,也已经是幸福的了。但是马克思在他所研究的每一个领域,甚至在数学领域,都有独到的发现,这样的领域是很多的,而且其中任何一个领域他都不是浅尝辄止。
他作为科学家就是这样。但是这在他身上远不是主要的。在马克思看来,科学是一种在历史上起推动作用的、革命的力量。任何一门理论科学中的每一个新发现——它的实际应用也许还根本无法预见——都使马克思感到衷心喜悦,而当他看到那种对工业、对一般历史发展立即产生革命性影响的发现的时候,他的喜悦就非同寻常了。例如,他曾经密切注视电学方面各种发现的进展情况,不久以前 上一页 [1] [2] [3] 下一页
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