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罗伯特·沃波尔，第一任奥福德伯爵
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罗伯特·沃波尔，第一任奥福德伯爵(Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford,)，英国政治家，英国首相。
任期 1721年4月4日–1742年2月11日
前任首相 无
继任首相 威尔明顿伯爵
出生日期 1676年8月26日
出生地点 诺福克郡
去世日期 1745年3月18日
去世地点 英国伦敦
所属党派: 辉格党
一般认为，罗伯特·沃波尔是第一任英国首相。虽然当时内阁制没有建立，在法律上难以得到公认，但是以沃波尔在议会中的影响程度，完全可以胜任组建一个真正的政府。
罗伯特·沃波尔是一名辉格党成员。从政期间，正值乔治一世和乔治二世统治时期。通常认为，沃波尔于1721年担任首席财务大臣时就开始了他的首相任期，但也有从1730年起异说。不管怎样，沃波尔在内阁中是一名无可非议的唯一领导者。直至1742年因失去议会的信任而辞职。
Sir Robert Walpole (1676 - 1745)
Portrait of Sir Robert Walpole by Arthur Pond © Walpole was a British Whig statesman, considered to the first prime minister, who dominated politics in the reigns of George I and George II.
Robert Walpole was born on 26 August 1676 in Houghton, Norfolk into a wealthy landowning family. He was educated at Cambridge University and in 1701 became MP for Castle Rising in Norfolk, where his father had previously been MP. He rose rapidly, becoming a member of the Admiralty Board, secretary of war and, in 1709, treasurer of the navy. His rise was temporarily halted by the Tories, who came into power in 1710. In 1712 they accused him of corruption and he was briefly imprisoned.
In 1714, George I came to the throne. He distrusted the Tories, whom he believed opposed his right to the throne, and as a result the Whigs were in the ascendant again. In 1715, Walpole became first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer. He resigned in 1717 after disagreements within his party but in 1720 was made paymaster general. He avoided the scandal that surrounded the collapse of the South Sea Company and was subsequently appointed first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer. In this position he effectively became prime minister, although the term was not used at the time. He remained in this position of dominance until 1742.
Walpole consolidated Whig power through a system of royal patronage. He pursued a policy of peace abroad, low taxation and reducing the national debt and he knew the importance of keeping parliament on his side. He was also accused of bribery and corruption in his efforts to retain power.After George I's death in 1727, Walpole was briefly superseded by George II's favourite, Spencer Compton but succeeded in returning himself to favour, partly through the support of the new queen, Caroline. In 1735, George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street, now the permanent London residence of the British prime minister.
Opposition began to develop within Walpole's own party, and a trade dispute with Spain was used by his critics to force him to declare war in 1739, known as the War of Jenkins' Ear. A poor general election result in 1741 made his position more unstable. A number of Whig politicians opposed Walpole's con[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页
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