实验次数
|
小车
|
拉力F/N
|
位移s/cm
|
拉力比F甲/F乙
|
位移比s甲/s乙
|
1
|
甲
|
0.1
|
22.3
|
0.50
|
0.51
|
乙
|
0.2
|
43.5
|
2
|
甲
|
0.2
|
29.0
|
0.67
|
0.67
|
乙
|
0.3
|
43.0
|
3
|
甲
|
0.3
|
41.0
|
0.75
|
0.74
|
乙
|
0.4
|
55.4
|
分析表中数据可得到结论:_____________________________________________.
该装置中的刹车系统的作用是_________________________________.
为了减小实验的系统误差,你认为还可以进行哪些方面的改进?(只需提出一个建议即可)_______________________________________________________ .
(Ⅱ)(10分)现有一块灵敏电流表A,量程为200 μA,内阻约为200 W,要精确测出其内阻Rg,提供的器材有:
电压表V:量程3 V,内阻RV=3 kW
滑动变阻器R:阻值范围0~20 W
定值电阻R0:阻值R0=800 W
电源E:电动势约为4.5 V、内阻很小
单刀单掷开关S一个,导线若干
(a)请将上述器材全部用上,设计出合理的、便于多次测量的实验电路图,并使实验精确度尽量高,请将电路图画在答题卷的方框中.
(b)在所测量的数据中选一组数据,用测量量和已知量来计算A表的内阻,计算表达式Rg= ,表达式中各符号表示的意义是 .
23.(16分)为了通过降低乒乓球的飞行速度来增加比赛的观赏性,原先的比赛用球直径是d1=38mm,从2004年雅典奥运会开始正式采用直径是d2=40mm,而质量不变的乒乓球进行比赛。为了简化讨论,设空气对球的阻力仅与球直径的平方成正比,并且球做直线运动。若某运动员的击球速度为v0=26m/s,扣杀直径d1=38mm的乒乓球时,球飞到另一端时的速度约为v1=10m/s。试估算一下,采用了d2=40mm的乒乓球后,该运动员以相同的初速度击球,问球从球台这端飞往另一端的时间增加多少?
24.(18分)如图,空间中存在两条射线OM、ON,以及沿射线OM方向的匀强电场,已知∠NOM=θ,某带电粒子从射线OM上的某点P垂直于OM入射,仅在电场作用下经过射线ON上的Q点,若Q点离O点最远且OQ=L,求:
(1)粒子入射点P离O点的距离S
(2)带电粒子经过电压U加速后从P点入射,则改变电压U时,欲使粒子仍然能经过Q点,试画出电压U与匀强电场的场强E之间的关系。(只定性画出图线,无需说明理由)
25.(20分)如图所示,物块A的质量为M,物块B、C的质量都是m,都可以看作质点,且m<M<2m。A与B、B与C用不可身长的轻线通过轻滑轮相连,A与地面用劲度系数为k的轻弹簧连接,物块B与物块C的距离和物块C到地面的距离相等,假设C物块落地后不反弹。若物块A距滑轮足够远,且不计一切阻力。则:
(1)若将B与C间的轻线剪断,求A下降多大距离时速度最大;
(2)若B与C间的轻线不剪断,将物块A下方的轻弹簧剪断后,要使物块B不与物块C相碰,则M与m应满足什么关系?(不计物块B、C的厚度)
参考答案
题号
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
答案
|
A
|
BD
|
D
|
D
|
B
|
AD
|
C
|
B
|
22.(Ⅰ)(8分) s=at2(2分);
在实验误差范围内当小车质量保持不变时,由于s与F成正比,说明a与F成正比(2分,用其他文字表述,正确的同样给分);
控制两车同时运动和同时停止(2分);
调整两木板平衡摩擦力(或使砝码盘和砝码的总质量远小于小车的质量等)(2分).
(Ⅱ)(a)如图所示(5分)
(b) -R0(3分);U表示电压表V示数;I表示电流表A的示数;R0表示定值电阻(2分)
23.解:依题意可知球受到的阻力F与球直径的平方成正比,由牛顿第二定律可知直径为d1和d2的球做匀减速直线运动直线运动的加速度之比为
= ······························································································································· (2分)
设球台长为L,则扣杀直径为d1的球时
-2a1L=v12-v02 ················································································································ (2分)
扣杀直径为d2的球时,设球到另一端的速度为v2,则
-2a2L=v22-v02·················································································································· (2分)
代入数据解得v2=6m/s········································································································ (2分)
直径为d1和d2的乒乓球飞过球台的时间分别为t1和t2,则
L=t1·························································································································· (2分)
L=t2·························································································································· (2分)
直径为d2的球飞过球台的时间比直径为d1的球飞过球台的时间增加了:
△=×100%················································································································ (2分)
解得△=12.5%···················································································································· (2分)
24.解:如图所示,依题意,粒子在Q点的速度方向沿着射线ON,粒子从P点开始做类平抛运动,设加速度为a,则:
沿着OM方向做匀加速直线运动:=at2 ····························· (3分)
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